THE GERMAN LANDING IN KAKHETI: THE GEORGIANS IN THE WORLD WAR II

 

 Ten­giz si­maS­vi­li

pro­fe­so­ri,

iak­ob go­ge­baS­vi­lis sa­xe­lo­bis Te­la­vis sa­xel­mwi­fo un­iv­er­si­te­ti

          ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

                                 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. XVII

Tbilisi. 2021

ger­ma­nu­li de­san­ti ka­xeT­Si:

qar­Tve­le­bi me­o­re msof­lio om­Si

 

2021 wels 22 iv­niss, ger­ma­ni­is Tav­das­xmi­dan sab­Wo­Ta kav­Sir­ze 80 we­li ga­vi­da. uam­ra­vi qar­Tve­li ja­ris­ka­ci Se­iw­i­ra me­o­re msof­lio om­ma. qar­Tve­le­bi ibr­Zod­nen, ro­gorc sab­Wo­Ta kav­Si­ris `wi­Te­li ar­mi­is~, as­e­ve fa­Sis­tu­ri ger­ma­ni­is `ver­max­tis~ ri­geb­Si.

dRem­de ka­ma­Tis sa­ga­nia, Tu vin iy­vnen ger­ma­ne­le­bis mxa­res mebr­Zo­li qar­Tve­le­bi – pat­ri­ot­e­bi Tu mo­Ra­la­te­e­bi? ga­mo­sar­kve­via, Tu ra mi­ze­ze­bi ap­ir­ob­eb­da maT brZo­las ger­ma­nu­li `ver­max­tis~ ri­geb­Si? da sxv. as­e­ve ar ar­is siRr­mi­se­ul­ad Ses­wav­li­li qar­Tve­le­bis Ta­nam­Srom­lo­ba ger­ma­nu­li ar­mi­is daz­ver­vis sam­sa­xu­ris qve­da­na­yo­feb­Tan.

qa­laq Te­la­vis aR­mo­sav­le­TiT, `na­dik­vris~ sa­xe­lo­bis par­kis gver­diT mde­ba­re­obs mci­re go­ra, ro­mel­sac `gi­gos go­ras~ eZ­ax­i­an.[1] aq, 1920-ian wleb­Si xvret­dnen Te­la­vis maz­ris mcxov­reb­lebs – Zi­ri­Ta­dad sab­Wo­Ta xe­li­suf­le­bis­Tvis mi­uR­eb­el pi­rebs. 1924 wlis ag­vis­tos Se­i­ar­aR­eb­ul aj­an­ye­ba­Si mo­na­wi­le­ob­is bral­de­biT, swo­red `gi­gos go­ra­ze~ dax­vri­tes da aq­ve Ca­mar­xes uam­ra­vi Te­la­ve­li.[2]

`gi­gos go­ra­ze~ dax­vre­til bo­lo msxverpls ki, qa­laq Te­lav­Tan ar­af­e­ri ak­av­Si­reb­da. Tum­ca, Te­la­vis mo­sax­le­ob­is mex­si­er­eb­a­Si Se­mor­Ca ze­pi­ri gad­mo­ce­ma, rom im ad­gil­ze, sa­dac 1920-ian wleb­Si sab­Wo­Ta xe­li­suf­le­bis Za­lis­mi­e­ri or­ga­no­e­bi xvret­dnen Te­la­ve­lebs, me­o­re msof­lio om­is pe­ri­od­Si, 1942 Tu 1943 wels, ger­ma­ne­le­bis mi­er TviTm­fri­na­viT gad­mos­mu­li de­san­tis erT-er­Ti wev­ri dax­vri­tes. ro­gorc da­ma­xa­si­aT­eb­el­ia msgav­si ze­pi­ri gad­mo­ce­mis­Tvis, TviTm­xil­ve­le­bis da ma­Ti STa­mo­mav­le­bis mo­na­yol­Si bev­ri ram er­Tma­neTs em­Txve­va, gar­kve­ul­wi­lad ki gan­sxva­ve­bu­lia.[3]

am am­bis erT-er­Ti TviTm­xil­ve­lis mex­si­er­eb­a­Si, ro­me­lic uS­u­al­od Se­es­wro `gi­gos go­ra­ze~ am dax­vre­tas, Se­mor­Ca in­for­ma­cia, rom dax­vre­ti­li iyo `ger­ma­nu­li de­san­tis~ wev­ri gva­rad `Wi­ra­qa­Ze~.[4]

sxva pi­re­bis mo­naT­xro­biT `ci­vis mTa­ze~ tye­Si, sa­ub­ar­ia im mTis kal­Ta­ze, ra­zec ga­Se­ne­bu­lia qa­la­qi Te­la­vi, me­o­re msof­lio om­is dros ger­ma­nul­ma TviTm­fri­nav­ma, ori pi­ri gad­mos­va. erT-er­Ti iyo wo­de­biT pol­kov­ni­ki, ro­mel­mac tyi­dan Ta­vi­si Ta­na­Sem­we ga­ag­zav­na ra­di­og­ad­am­ce­mis an­te­nis sa­Sov­ne­lad qa­laq Te­lav­Si. es uk­an­as­kne­li ki, ad­gi­lob­riv – Te­la­vis Si­na­gan saq­me­Ta sa­xal­xo ko­mi­sa­ri­at­Si (Sin­sax­ko­mi) ga­moc­xad­da, pol­kov­ni­ki da­ab­ez­Ra da da­aW­er­i­na. sxva Te­la­ve­le­bis sit­yve­biT Te­lav­Si `gi­gos go­ra­ze~ `ger­ma­nu­li de­san­tis~ wev­ris dax­vre­tis Se­sa­xeb, in­for­ma­cia wi­nas­war gavr­ce­le­bu­la. zo­gi am­bobs, ga­zeT­Si da­ib­eW­dao, zo­gi ki, qa­laq­Si ga­mo­ak­res gan­cxa­de­be­bio. am­as­Tan, ad­as­tu­re­ben, rom `gi­gos go­ra­ze~, dax­vre­tis ad­gil­ze, bev­ri ad­am­i­a­ni Sek­re­bi­la.[5]

am ze­pir gad­mo­ce­meb­Si, `gi­gos go­ra­ze~ me­o­re msof­lio om­is dros `ger­ma­nu­li de­san­tis~ wev­ris dax­vre­tis sce­nac TiT­qmis er­Tna­ir­ad­aa aR­we­ri­li. aR­vniS­nav, rom er­Ti mo­naT­xro­biT, ro­me­lic stu­den­to­bis pe­ri­od­Si me pi­ra­dad mo­mis­me­nia, Ce­mi leq­to­ris va­Ja xa­Ci­Zis­gan, dax­vre­tis win, ro­de­sac wa­ik­iT­xes ga­na­Ce­ni da ga­i­ca brZa­ne­ba, `sikv­di­li sam­Sob­los mo­Ra­la­tes!~, da­sax­vre­tad gam­za­de­bul, TeT­ri pe­ran­gis am­a­ra mdgar xe­leb­Sek­rul Wi­ra­qa­Zes mo­us­wria da wa­mo­uZ­ax­ia -`me sa­qar­Tve­lo miy­vars, mo­Ra­la­te ar var, is­to­ria ga­ar­kvevs vin ar­is mo­Ra­la­te!~.

me­o­re ze­pi­ri is­to­ri­is Ta­nax­mad, ga­na­Ce­nis ga­moc­xa­de­bis Sem­deg, da­sax­vre­tad gam­za­de­bul pirs, anu Wi­ra­qa­Zes wa­mo­uZ­ax­ia – `ma­gas ki­dev is­to­ria it­yvis ,mo­Ra­la­te me var, Tu Tqven xarT!~-o.[6]

swo­red am sit­yve­bis Sem­deg ga­is­ma SaS­xa­ne­bis zal­pi, ro­mel­mac ver ga­da­fa­ra sab­Wo­Ta xe­li­suf­le­bis mcde­lo­ba, am ad­am­i­an­is dax­vre­ta Ta­vi­si id­e­ol­og­i­u­ri miz­ne­bis­Tvis ga­mo­ey­en­eb­i­na. mar­Ta­lia, igi fi­zi­ku­rad mos­pes, mag­ram Te­la­vis mo­sax­le­ob­am mas­Si su­li­er­ad ga­nad­gu­re­bu­li, dam­frTxa­li da Se­Si­ne­bu­li mte­ri ver da­in­a­xa, ra­sac ad­as­tu­rebs ze­mo­moy­va­ni­li ze­pi­ri is­to­ri­eb­is Si­na­ar­si. me­tic, dax­vre­ti­lis mi­er war­moT­qmu­li bo­lo sit­yve­bi, TviTm­xil­ve­leb­ma da maT­ma STa­mo­mav­leb­ma aT­e­u­li wle­bis Sem­de­gac ki Se­mo­in­ax­es.

dax­vre­tis Sem­deg mic­va­le­bu­lis sxe­u­li, dax­vre­tis ad­gil­ze, iq­ve sa­xel­da­xe­lod gaT­xril sa­ma­re­Si Ca­ag­des, mi­wa wa­ay­ar­es da mci­re bor­cvi gaCn­da `gi­gos go­ris~ sam­xreT fer­dob­ze. mxo­lod ze­pir is­to­ri­ad Se­mor­Ca Te­lavs es am­ba­vi, rad­gan sa­ma­ris ad­gil­ze ar­se­bu­li bor­cvi 1960-ian wleb­Si gaq­ra.[7]

swo­red es mwi­ri, mag­ram er­Tdro­ul­ad tra­gi­ku­li da is­to­ria iq­ca Cem­Tvis am pi­rov­ne­bis Se­sa­xeb in­for­ma­ci­is mo­Zi­eb­is da­saw­ye­bad, ro­mel­mac ger­ma­nu­li ar­mi­is saz­Rvao daz­ver­vis or­ga­nos, e.w. “Nach­rich­t­enbeobachter”-s sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si saq­mi­an­ob­is `kval­Tan~ mi­miy­va­na.[8]

swo­red ger­ma­nu­li ar­mi­is saz­Rvao daz­ver­vis or­ga­nos “Nach­rich­tenbeobachter”-is sim­fe­ro­po­lis sa­daz­ver­vo ba­nak­Si mo­am­za­des da 1942 wlis 17 seq­tem­bers TviTm­fri­na­viT `gad­mog­zav­nes~ qar­Tve­le­bis er­Ti jgu­fi sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si, ka­xeT­Si.

do­ku­men­tu­rad es is­to­ria ga­mo­vik­vlie di­di xnis kvle­vis, Zi­eb­is da Zeb­nis Sem­dgom. vi­co­diT mxo­lod Te­lav­Si dax­vre­ti­li ad­am­i­an­is gva­ri – `Wi­ra­qa­Ze~, mag­ram 1942-1943 wleb­Si ga­mo­ma­val cen­tra­lur da ad­gi­lob­riv ga­ze­Teb­Si, ve­ra­vi­Tar in­for­ma­ci­as ver mi­vak­vlie. mxo­lod, Si­na­gan saq­me­Ta sa­mi­nis­tros ar­qiv­Si aR­moCn­da `Sin­sax­ko­mis~ sa­ga­mo­Zi­e­bo, ax­la ki uk­ve `sa­ar­qi­vo saq­me #42/1265~.[9]

rom­lis da­mu­Sa­ve­bis da an­al­iz­is Se­de­gad, am da sxva sa­ar­qi­vo saq­me­eb­Si Cve­ni kvle­vis ob­i­eq­tTan da pi­rov­ne­beb­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li sxva­das­xva ma­sa­le­bi mo­vi­Zi­eT. ze­mo­da­sa­xe­le­bu­li sa­ar­qi­vo saq­mis mi­xed­viT, 1942 wlis 27 seq­tem­bers, Ra­mis 1 sa­aT­ze, Te­la­vis `Sin­sax­kom­Si~ ga­moc­xad­da ori pi­ri – fic­xe­la­u­ri da ba­ca­caS­vi­li.[10]

e.w. `da­ka­ve­bis aq­tSi~ naT­qva­mia, `ga­moc­xa­de­bu­leb­ma ga­nac­xa­des, rom is­i­ni 1942 wlis 17 seq­tem­bers ger­ma­nul­ma TviTm­fri­nav­ma gad­mos­xa pa­ra­Su­tiT sa­ja­Su­So-di­ver­si­u­li saq­mi­an­ob­is sa­war­mo­eb­lad. maT­Tan er­Tad gad­mosx­dnen ger­ma­ni­is ar­mi­is ma­i­o­ri `em­ig­ran­ti Wi­ra­qa­Ze~ da ori yo­fi­li sam­xed­ro tyve, eb­an­o­i­Ze da dur­gliS­vi­li, rom­le­bic im­yo­fe­bi­an gom­bo­ris uR­el­te­xil­ze mde­ba­re tye­Si~.[11]

am do­ku­men­tis mi­xed­viT, ro­mel­sac xels aw­er­en Te­la­vis `Sin­sax­ko­mis~ uf­ro­si, Te­la­vis `ga­ma­nad­gu­re­be­li ba­ta­li­on­is~ Sta­bis uf­ro­si da `ga­ma­nad­gu­re­be­li ba­ta­li­on­is~ ko­mi­sa­ri,[12] da­sa­xe­le­bul pi­rebs maT­Tvis ga­nuc­xa­de­bi­aT, `maT da ki­dev or­ma yo­fil­ma tyvem, jer ki­dev sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si ga­mof­re­nam­de mo­il­ap­ar­ak­es mis­vla `Sin­sax­kom­Si~, ax­la ki ga­moc­xad­nen, ra­Ta xe­li Se­ew­yoT maT­Tan er­Tad myo­fi em­ig­ran­tis Wi­ra­qa­Zis da­ka­ve­ba­Si~.[13]

ad­gi­lob­ri­vi `Sin­sax­ko­mis~ xel­mZRva­ne­lo­bis ga­daw­yve­ti­le­biT, 1942 wlis 27 seq­tem­bris di­liT fic­xe­la­u­ri da ba­ca­caS­vi­li, Te­la­vis `Sin­sax­ko­mis~ da `ga­ma­nad­gu­re­be­li ba­ta­li­on­is~ wev­reb­Tan er­Tad uk­an gab­run­dnen gom­bo­ris mTeb­Si. da­sa­xe­le­bu­li pi­re­bi so­fel aS­ro­San­Tan tye­Si mde­ba­re qox­Si Se­vid­nen da dRis 12 sa­aT­ze ga­is­ma sro­lis xma. es iyo ni­Sa­ni da ro­de­sac sab­Wo­Ta xe­li­suf­le­bis Za­lis­mi­e­ri struq­tu­re­bis war­mo­mad­gen­le­bi ad­gil­ze mi­vid­nen, maT da­in­ax­es Zirs dag­de­bu­li xe­leb­Sek­ru­li pi­ri. igi, ro­gorc Sem­dgom ga­mo­ar­kvi­es aR­moCn­da Wi­ra­qa­Ze. is ga­ka­ve­bu­li hyav­da fic­xe­la­urs. ba­ca­caS­vi­li da ki­dev ori sxva ad­am­i­a­ni iq­ve isx­dnen da maT el­od­nen.[14]

xe­leb­Sek­ru­li pi­ri `em­ig­ran­ti Wi­ra­qa­Ze~, mi­si jgu­fis wev­reb­Tan er­Tad da­ap­at­im­res. xu­Ti­ve Te­lav­Si wa­iy­va­nes da mo­aT­av­ses `Sin­sax­ko­mis~ Se­no­ba­Si ar­se­bul sak­neb­Si.

da­ka­ve­bu­li pi­re­bi im­a­ve dRes, 27 seq­tem­bers da­uk­iT­xi­aT. ma­Ti pir­ve­li da­kiT­xvis oq­me­bi, swo­red am dRi­Taa da­Ta­ri­Re­bu­li. saq­me­Si as­e­ve da­cu­lia dro­is sxva pe­ri­od­iT da­Ta­ri­Re­bu­li da­kiT­xvis oq­me­bi, ma­Ti Cxre­kis am­sax­ve­li do­ku­men­ta­cia. da­ka­ve­bu­le­bi­saT­vis Ca­mo­ur­Tme­vi­aT fur­clze da­we­ri­li ra­dio-ko­di, ru­sul da ger­ma­nul en­a­ze Sev­se­bu­li do­ku­men­te­bi (ix. dok. #1). maT So­ris – wi­Te­lar­mi­el­eb­is wig­na­ke­bi ma­Ti gva­re­biT, fo­to­su­ra­Te­bi war­we­re­biT. as­e­ve Ca­mo­ur­Tme­vi­aT iar­a­Ri – av­to­ma­ti, pis­to­le­te­bi, ger­ma­nu­li ra­di­om­im­Re­bi da sxva niv­Te­bi.[15]

da­ka­ve­bu­li pi­re­bi­dan, oT­xni yo­fi­li tyve – eb­an­o­i­Ze, fic­xe­la­u­ri, dur­gliS­vi­li da ba­ca­caS­vi­li – iy­vnen. swo­red ma­Ti da, as­e­ve, Wi­ra­qa­Zis Cve­ne­be­bis mi­xed­viT ir­kve­va, rom is­i­ni 1942 wlis 17 seq­tem­be­ris sa­Ra­mos, ger­ma­nu­li TviTm­fri­na­viT qa­laq ev­pa­to­ri­as­Tan mde­ba­re e.w. `sa­kis~ aer­od­ro­mi­dan ga­mof­rin­dnen. gad­mos­xma sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si so­fel me­la­an­i­is max­lob­lad un­da mom­xda­ri­yo, Tum­ca, im­is ga­mo, rom ger­ma­nul TviTm­fri­navs Tbi­lis­Tan sab­Wo­Ta sa­ze­ni­to ar­ti­le­ri­am sro­la aut­e­xa, pi­lot­ma ge­zi da­kar­ga da is­i­ni, Ra­mis 10 sa­aT­ze, im dros Te­la­vis ra­i­on­is Se­mad­gen­lo­ba­Si Se­ma­va­li gom­bo­ris uR­el­te­xi­lis te­ri­to­ri­a­ze mde­ba­re aS­ro­Sa­nis tye­Si gad­mosx­dnen pa­ra­Su­te­biT.[16]

`ger­ma­nu­li de­san­tis~ am xuT ka­ci­a­ni jgu­fis wev­ri­dan, oT­xi yo­fi­li sab­Wo­Ta wi­Te­lar­mi­el­is bi­og­ra­fia er­Tma­neTs Za­li­an hgavs. am pi­re­bis da­ka­ve­bis dRiT, 1942 wlis 27 seq­tem­briT, da­Ta­ri­Re­bu­li erT-er­Ti pir­ve­li­ve da­kiT­xvis oq­mi `ek­uT­vnis~ da­sa­xe­le­bu­li jgu­fis wevr eb­an­o­iZ­es.[17]

am da sxva do­ku­men­te­bis an­al­iz­id­an aS­ka­rad Cans, rom igi da­ka­ve­bu­lebs So­ris yve­la­ze `aq­ti­u­ri~ da a.v. `pro­sab­Wo­Tad gan­wyo­bi­li~ pi­ri iyo. me­tic, Se­iZ­le­ba iT­qvas eb­an­o­i­Ze `xa­li­siT~ Ta­nam­Srom­lob­da ga­mo­Zi­eb­as­Tan. sa­ar­qi­vo saq­me­Si ga­mom­Zi­eb­lis mi­er Ca­ta­re­bu­li da­kiT­xvis oq­me­bis gar­da, mi­si sa­ku­Ta­ri in­ic­it­iv­iT da­we­ri­li Cve­ne­ba-av­to­bi­og­ra­fi­is msgav­si do­ku­men­tis ra­mo­de­ni­me aT­e­u­li fur­ce­lia da­cu­li.[18]

ma­sa­leb­Si eb­an­o­iZ­is bi­og­ra­fia sak­ma­od kar­ga­daa as­ax­u­li. mas da­um­Tav­re­bia erT-er­Ti pro­vin­ci­u­li pe­da­go­gi­u­ri in­sti­tu­ti, sa­dac us­wav­lia is­to­ri­is fa­kul­tet­ze da fa­kul­te­tis kom­kav­Si­ris mdi­va­ni yo­fi­la. in­sti­tu­tis dam­Tav­re­bis Sem­deg ga­ug­zav­ni­aT, ra­i­on­Si mde­ba­re sof­lis sa­Su­a­lo sko­lis di­req­to­rad. mi­si sit­yve­biT, `1927 wli­dan iyo kom­kav­Si­re­li, 1941 wlis ian­var­Si gax­da ko­mu­nis­tu­ri par­ti­is wev­ro­bis kan­di­da­ti, dRem­de par­ti­is wev­ria~.[19]

1941 wels eb­an­o­i­Ze ga­da­uy­va­ni­aT ra­i­on­u­li ga­ze­Tis re­daq­to­rad, sa­id­an­ac jar­Si ma­le­ve 1941 wlis seq­tem­ber­Si ga­iw­vi­es. mi­si na­wi­li Tav­da­pir­ve­lad gan­la­ge­bu­li iyo qa­laq wu­lu­ki­Ze­Si,[20] sa­dac pol­kis ko­mi­sar­ma da pol­kis me­Ta­ur­ma ga­mo­iZ­ax­es da ra­dis­tis saq­mi­an­ob­is Se­sas­wav­lad ga­ag­zav­nes ro­gorc ke­Til­sa­im­e­do pi­rov­ne­ba.[21]

eb­an­o­i­Ze mi­si in­ic­i­at­iv­iT da­we­ril, ase vTqvaT `Cve­ne­ba-av­to­bi­og­ra­fi­a­Si~ wers Sem­degs, `1940 wli­dan ra­i­on­Si vmu­Sa­ob­di `Sin­sax­ko­mis~ or­ga­no­Si `sar­kis~ sa­xe­liT. as­e­ve, jar­Si gaw­ve­vis Sem­deg di­vi­zi­a­Si `zer­ka­las~ sa­xel­wo­de­biT. Cems mi­er da­de­bu­li xel­we­ri­le­bi da Ca­ta­re­bu­li mu­Sa­o­ba Se­giZ­li­aT Se­am­ow­moT da­sa­xe­le­bul ad­gi­leb­ze~ (ix. dok. #2).[22] anu, eb­an­o­i­Ze ti­pu­ri `Sin­sax­ko­mis~ ag­en­ti iyo, sa­mo­qa­la­qo cxov­re­ba­Si ag­en­tu­ru­li met­sa­xe­liT – `sar­ke~, xo­lo jar­Si gaw­ve­vi­sas ki, `sar­kis~ ru­su­li sa­xe­liT, `zer­ka­la~-Ti cno­bi­li. bu­neb­ri­via, rom gar­da par­ti­ul­ob­i­sa, swo­red am­is ga­moc `en­do­bod­nen~ mas pol­kis ko­mi­sa­ri da pol­kis me­Ta­u­ri. sab­Wo­Ta ja­ris na­wi­leb­Si, im dros arc Tu xSi­ri ra­dio-ga­dam­ce­mis op­er­at­or­is mo­va­le­ob­is da­kis­re­ba, kom­kav­Si­re­lis, Tu bol­Se­vi­ku­ri par­ti­is wev­ris­Tvis mi­Re­bu­li praq­ti­ka iyo. me­tic, eb­an­o­iZ­is sit­yve­biT, igi as­e­ve yo­fi­la Se­sa­ba­mi­si pol­kis e.w. `po­lit­xe­lis~, anu `po­li­ti­ku­ri xel­mZRva­ne­lis~ Ta­na­Sem­we.[23]

eb­an­o­i­Ze Ta­vis sam­xed­ro na­wil­Tan er­Tad, sa­dac igi er­Tdro­ul­ad as­ru­leb­da ra­dis­tis da am­a­ve dros, `po­lit­xe­lis~ Ta­na­Sem­wis mo­va­le­ob­as sa­qar­Tve­lo­dan 1941 wlis de­kem­ber­Si `ga­da­is­ro­les~ qa­laq se­vas­to­pol­Si. eb­an­o­iZ­es sxva ja­ris­ka­ce­bi­viT uS­u­al­od brZo­las­Tan Se­xe­ba ar hqo­nia. igi wi­na xaz­ze ar iy­of­eb­o­da. Tum­ca, 1942 wlis ma­is­Si ger­ma­ne­le­bis da ru­mi­ne­le­bis sa­ar­mio na­wi­le­bis Se­te­vis daw­ye­bis Se­de­gad, uk­ve 1942 wlis 3 iv­liss, is Ta­vis sam­xed­ro na­wil­Tan er­Tad, zRvis sa­na­pi­ro­ze al­ya­Si mo­eq­ca da tyved Ca­var­da. Tav­da­pir­ve­lad qa­laq bax­Ci­sa­ra­is tyve­Ta ba­nak­Si moxv­da. Sem­deg ki, sim­fe­ro­pol­Si ar­se­bul tyve­Ta ba­nak­Si ga­da­iy­va­nes, sa­dac cu­di pi­ro­be­bi yo­fi­la – tyve­e­bi Sim­Si­lob­dnen da gavr­ce­le­bu­la di­zin­te­ria. eb­an­o­iZ­is sit­yve­biT, igi Sim­Si­lis­gan ise da­sus­te­bu­la, rom fex­ze ver dgeb­da. am dros, `mi­su­la mi­si pol­kis eq­i­mi da uT­qvams – Sen ma­inc kvde­bi, ba­nak­Si gavr­ce­le­bu­lia da­av­ad­eb­e­bi da de­zin­te­ria, aq qar­Tve­li em­ig­ran­tia, eZ­ebs qar­Tvel ra­dists, wa­ye­vi da Sem­deg Sens mo­xer­xe­ba­zea da­mo­ki­de­bu­li yve­la­fe­ri~-o.[24]

mar­Tlac, am ba­nak­Si eb­an­o­iZ­is sit­yve­biT, `xSi­rad mi­do­da Ci­niT ma­i­o­ri qar­Tve­li of­ic­e­ri, ro­me­lic eZ­eb­da ra­dists~.[25]

swo­red am ad­am­i­ans, `em­ig­rant Wi­ra­qa­Zes~ Sex­ved­ria eb­an­o­i­Ze da `da­Tan­xme­bu­la em­uS­a­va ger­ma­ni­is sa­sar­geb­lod da sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si yo­fi­li­yo gad­mos­ro­li­li~.[26] eb­an­o­iZ­is sit­yve­biT mi­si `ga­da­bi­re­bis~ pro­ce­si did­xans ar gagr­Ze­le­bu­la. Wi­ra­qa­Ze mas ga­sa­ub­re­bia da uk­iT­xavs, `par­ti­u­li xom ar yo­fil­xar? mec vuT­xa­ri – ara~. sxva kiT­xve­bi ar da­us­vams~.[27]

ro­gorc Cans, Wi­ra­qa­Zem an ar ic­o­da, an­da ar ga­iT­va­lis­wi­na is ga­re­mo­e­ba, rom `wi­Tel ar­mi­a­Si~ ra­dis­te­bi, TiT­qmis yo­vel­Tvis bol­Se­vi­ku­ri par­ti­is `san­do~ ad­am­i­an­e­bi – kom­kav­Sir­le­bi an bol­Se­vi­ku­ri par­ti­is wev­re­bi, uS­iS­ro­eb­is or­ga­no­eb­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li pi­re­bi iy­vnen.

am mci­re `ga­mo­kiT­xvis~ Sem­deg, 1942 wlis 3 ag­vis­tos eb­an­o­Ze, ro­me­lic, mi­si­ve sit­yve­biT, sak­ma­od da­uZ­lu­re­bul mdgo­ma­re­ob­a­Si iyo, Wi­ra­qa­Zem wa­iy­va­na da sim­fe­ro­pol­Si mde­ba­re `saz­Rvao daz­ver­vis~ or­ga­nos, sa­daz­ver­vo sko­lis kuT­vnil sac­xov­re­bel far­TSi mi­iy­va­na. ra­mo­de­ni­me dRi­a­ni das­ve­ne­bis da kar­gi kve­bis Sem­dge, eb­an­o­iZ­is­Tvis ra­di­og­ad­am­ce­mis mox­ma­re­ba­Si mci­re ga­moc­da Ca­ut­ar­eb­i­aT da ra­dis­tis mo­va­le­ob­is Se­sas­ru­leb­lad uc­vni­aT var­gi­sad.[28]

sa­in­te­re­soa, rom mi­si jgu­fis sxva wev­re­bis­gan gan­sxva­ve­biT, daz­ver­vis of­ic­ers eb­an­o­iZ­is­Tvis ger­ma­ne­leb­Tan Ta­nam­Srom­lo­ba­ze xel­we­ri­lis Ca­mor­Tme­vis gar­da, mis­Tvis mi­uc­ia met­sa­xe­li `viq­tor~-i. Se­uv­sia an­ke­ta da mi­si sit­yve­biT, `ase gax­da ger­ma­ni­is daz­ver­vis ag­en­ti~.[29]

am­is Sem­deg, eb­an­o­i­Ze ga­ug­zav­ni­aT qa­laq sim­fe­ro­pol­Si spe­ci­al­ur sko­la­Si, sa­dac ger­ma­ni­is daz­ver­va am­za­deb­da ra­dis­tebs ssrk-Si, wi­Te­li ar­mi­is zur­gSi `ga­da­sas­ro­lad~. mas­Tan er­Tad ra­dis­te­bis am sko­la­Si oc­da­erT ad­am­i­ans us­wav­lia. is­i­ni swav­lob­dnen Se­sa­ba­mis Sifrs da mor­zes an­bans. eb­an­o­iZ­es us­wav­lia oci dRe da swav­lis dam­Tav­re­bis Sem­deg, mi­si jgu­fis wev­reb­Tan er­Tad sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si `ga­da­sas­ro­lad~ ga­ug­zav­ni­aT qa­laq ev­pa­to­ri­a­Si, sa­dac mde­ba­re­ob­da `sa­kis~ aer­od­ro­mi.[30]

gom­bo­ris uR­el­te­xil­ze, so­fel aS­ro­Sa­nis mi­da­mo­eb­Si gad­mos­xmu­li ger­ma­nu­li de­san­tis sxva wev­ri, om­am­de mwyem­sad mo­mu­Sa­ve fic­xe­la­u­ri, 1941 wlis seq­tem­ber­Si qa­laq or­jo­ni­ki­Ze­dan (vla­di­kav­ka­zi) ga­uw­ve­vi­aT jar­Si. igi yo­fi­la `wi­Te­li ar­mi­is~ ri­gi­Ti. 1942 wlis 30 iv­niss, qa­laq se­va­to­po­lis max­lob­lad, sa­ha­e­ro Tav­das­xmi­sas mxar­Si daW­ri­li fic­xe­la­u­ri tyved Ca­var­da. Tav­da­pir­ve­lad moxv­da qa­laq bax­Ci­sa­ra­is tyve­Ta ba­nak­Si, sa­id­an­ac ma­le­ve ga­da­iy­va­nes sim­fe­ro­po­lis tyve­Ta ba­nak­Si.[31]

1942 wlis 1 ag­vis­tos, aq mas ga­mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bia em­ig­ran­ti leo ba­lar­jiS­vi­li, ro­mel­sac ga­ug­ia, rom fic­xe­la­u­ri sa­ub­rob­da ram­de­ni­me en­a­ze – qar­Tu­li, ru­su­li, os­u­ri da in­gu­Su­ri. ba­lar­jiS­vils uT­qvams, rom mzad­de­bo­da sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si ga­sag­zav­nad jgu­fi, rom­lis­Tvi­sac un­da ex­el­mZRva­ne­la `em­ig­rant Wi­ra­qa­Zes~. Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, fic­xe­la­u­ri, ro­gorc am en­eb­is mcod­ne, aR­niS­nu­li saq­mis­Tvis ga­mo­sa­de­gi iyo. fic­xe­la­urs Tan­xmo­ba mi­uc­ia Ta­nam­Srom­lo­ba­ze da dur­gliS­vil­Tan er­Tad ga­an­Ta­vi­suf­les da mi­iy­va­nes qa­laq sim­fe­ro­pol­Si im Se­no­ba­Si, sa­dac sa­daz­ver­vo sko­la iyo gan­la­ge­bu­li.[32]

aTi dRis Sem­deg, `saz­Rvao daz­ver­vis~ or­ga­nos erT-erT of­ic­ers mis­Tvis da dur­gliS­vi­lis­Tvis Ca­mo­ur­Tme­via xel­we­ri­li Ta­nam­Srom­lo­ba­ze. ga­da­cia Se­sa­ba­mi­si do­ku­men­te­bi ger­ma­nul en­a­ze, ma­Ti fo­to­su­ra­Te­biT, sa­dac ew­e­ra, rom am ad­am­i­an­ebs uf­le­ba hqon­daT et­ar­eb­in­aT iar­a­Ri da ne­bis­mi­er dros ga­su­liy­vnen qa­laq­Si.[33]

jgu­fis me­sa­me wev­ri dur­gliS­vi­li, Tbi­li­sis mcxov­re­bi, kom­kav­Si­ris wev­ri da pro­fe­si­iT eq­i­mi iyo.[34] igi jar­Si 1941 wlis 26 ag­vis­tos ga­uw­ve­vi­aT. yo­fi­la sa­me­di­ci­no-sa­ni­ta­ru­li ba­ta­li­on­is qi­rur­gis Ta­na­Sem­we. 1941 wlis 10 no­em­bers, mi­si na­wi­li `ga­da­us­ro­li­aT~ so­xum­Si da im­a­ve wlis 25 de­kem­bers, ge­miT Ca­su­lan qa­laq se­vas­to­pol­Si. aq dur­gliS­vi­li da­un­iS­ni­aT e.w. `pir­ve­li hos­pi­ta­lis~ qi­rur­gis Ta­na­Sem­wed. 1942 wlis 30 iv­niss, zRvis pi­ras al­ya­Se­mor­tymu­li mi­si sam­xed­ro na­wi­li ger­ma­ne­lebs tyved auy­va­ni­aT. dur­gliS­vi­li sim­fe­ro­po­lis tyve­Ta ba­nak­Si mox­ved­ri­la.[35]

dur­gliS­vi­li Ta­vis Cve­ne­ba­Si wers, rom – `tyve­Ta ba­nak­Si maT­Tan xSi­rad mi­di­od­nen em­ig­ran­te­bi go­gi(gi­or­gi) Wi­ra­qa­Ze da leo ba­lar­jiS­vi­li. Wi­ra­qa­Zes mis­Tvis uT­qvams, `Sen Ce­mo Zmao, wa­mox­val Tu ara Cem­Tan?~, ra­zec dur­gliS­vils ma­Sin­ve Tan­xmo­ba mi­uc­ia, rad­gan ba­nak­Si gavr­ce­le­bu­li iyo de­zin­te­ria da sxva da­av­ad­eb­e­bi~.[36]

mi­si Cve­ne­biT, 1942 wlis 1 ag­vis­tos is­i­ni ga­da­uy­va­ni­aT sim­fe­ro­pol­Si,saz­Rvao daz­ver­vis Se­ni­ba­Si, sa­dac 3 ag­vis­tos as­e­ve mi­uy­va­niT eb­an­o­i­Ze.[37]

Ta­vis Cve­ne­ba­Si dur­gliS­vi­li aR­niS­navs, rom `Wi­ra­qa­Zes­Tan da fic­xe­la­ur­Tan er­Tad ga­di­o­da sa­daz­ver­vo-di­ver­si­u­li saq­mi­an­ob­is war­mo­eb­is­Tvis spe­ci­al­ur mom­za­de­bas, eb­an­o­i­Ze ki swav­lob­da ra­dio-saq­mes~.[38]

1942 wlis 20 ag­vis­tos, Wi­ra­qa­Zes Ta­vi­si `sa­de­san­to jgu­fis~ me­xu­Te wev­rad mi­uy­va­nia ba­ca­caS­vi­li. ma­sa­le­bis mi­xed­viT, wi­Te­lar­mi­e­li ba­ca­caS­vi­li, 1941 wlis 4 ag­vis­tos ga­iw­vi­es jar­Si. igi Tbi­li­si­dan ir­an­is qa­laq priS­tSi gag­zav­nes wi­Te­li ar­mi­is sam­xed­ro na­wi­leb­Tan er­Tad. 1941 wlis de­kem­ber­Si ki, uk­an ga­mo­iw­vi­es da `ga­da­is­ro­les~ qer­CSi, sa­dac 15 ma­iss, ba­ca­caS­vi­li tyved Ca­var­da. mi­si sit­yve­biT, igi jer qa­laq sim­fe­ro­pol­Tan ax­los mde­ba­re tyve­Ta ba­nak­Si moxv­da, xo­lo 1942 wlis 20 ag­vis­tos qa­laq ev­pa­to­ri­a­Si ga­da­iy­va­nes.[39]

Ta­vis Cve­ne­ba­Si ba­ca­caS­vi­li ar sa­ub­rob­da ev­pa­to­ri­a­Si mi­si `ga­day­va­nis~ ga­re­mo­eb­eb­ze. igi mxo­lod er­Tgan am­bobs, rom `pi­ra­dad me maqvs wi­Te­lar­mi­el­is wig­na­ki vi­Rac em­ig­ran­tis Zmis, wa­wa­laS­vi­li Sa­li­kos sa­xe­liT~.[40]

saq­me im­aS­ia, rom 1942 wlis 20 ag­vis­tos, ba­ca­caS­vi­li, ro­gorc Ta­vi­si me­gob­ris Zma, sim­fe­ro­po­lis tyve­Ta ba­na­ki­dan ga­mo­iy­va­na da ev­pa­to­ri­a­Si wa­iy­va­na Wi­ra­qa­Zem. ba­ca­caS­vil­ma Wi­ra­qa­Zes, Ta­vi­si Ta­vi em­ig­rant ni­ko (ni­ko­loz) wa­wa­laS­vi­lis Zmad `Se­as­a­Ra~, ra­Ta tyve­Ta ba­na­ki­dan ga­mo­su­li­yo. aR­sa­niS­na­via, rom mas Tan hqon­da ger­ma­nu­li daz­ver­vis­gan mi­ce­mu­li wi­Te­lar­mi­el­is yal­bi wig­na­ki sxva gvar­ze – wa­wa­laS­vil­ze.

jgu­fis sxva wev­rebs sa­daz­ver­vo-di­ver­si­u­li mom­za­de­ba uk­ve gav­li­li hqon­daT da sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si `ga­da­sas­ro­lad~ mzad iy­vnen. ba­ca­caS­vils ki, rad­ga­nac gvi­an Se­u­er­Tda maT, Se­sa­ba­mi­si wrTvna ar ga­uv­lia.[41]

am in­for­ma­ci­ebs `az­us­tebs~ eb­an­o­i­Ze Ta­vis Cve­ne­beb­Si. igi ba­ca­caS­vil­ze sa­ub­ars ase iw­yebs, `rac Se­ex­e­ba ba­ca­caS­vils fsev­do­ni­miT `wa­wa­laS­vi­li~, igi Cven­Tan 20 dRis dag­vi­an­eb­iT mo­iy­va­na em­ig­ran­tma Wi­ra­qa­Zem~.[42]

mi­si sit­yve­biT, `em­ig­ran­ti wa­wa­laS­vi­li im xa­neb­Si ad­re ga­daf­re­ni­la ba­Tum­Si Ta­vi­si jgu­fiT. Wi­ra­qa­Zes­Tvis uT­qvams Ce­mi Zma `ple­nia~. ba­ca­caS­vils ga­ug­ia da da­ux­so­me­bia wa­wa­laS­vi­lis sa­xe­li da gva­ri. Ta­vi­si Ta­vi wa­wa­laS­vi­lad ga­us­aR­eb­ia~.[43] ni­ko(ni­ko­loz) wa­wa­laS­vi­lis jgu­fi ba­Tum­Si ar gaf­re­ni­la, is­i­ni da­sav­leT sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si sxva ad­gil­ze Ca­mos­xes, sa­dac ra­mo­de­ni­me Tvis Sem­deg da­ap­at­im­res da dax­vri­tes. ma­sa­le­bi sa­in­te­re­soa, Tum­ca mas sxva kvle­va­Si Se­ve­xe­bi.

wa­wa­laS­vil-ba­ca­caS­vi­lis mis­vli­dan ram­de­ni­me dRe­Si, Wi­ra­qa­Zis jgufs mi­uR­ia sa­de­san­to sa­Wur­ve­li da se­vas­to­pol­Si gam­gzav­re­bu­lan, sa­dac eb­an­o­iZ­is sit­yve­biT `mas ba­ca­caS­vi­li ga­mos­tydo­mia, rom iyo ara wa­wa­laS­vi­li, ar­am­ed ba­ca­caS­vi­li~.[44]

Tvi­Ton Wi­ra­qa­Zes ki, mxo­lod ma­Sin ga­ug­ia mis mi­er wa­wa­laS­vi­lad miC­ne­u­li pi­ris vi­na­o­ba, ro­de­sac igi ga­ko­Wes da mis­Tvis Se­uZ­ax­ia, `Senc wa­wa­laS­vi­loo~, ra­zec am uk­an­as­knels up­as­ux­ia, `wa­wa­laS­vi­li ki ara ba­ca­caS­vi­li va­ro~ da fe­xi wa­ur­tyavs.[45]

am­ri­gad, Wi­ra­qa­Zem Ta­vi­si me­gob­ris Zma ki ara, sul sxva pi­rov­ne­ba ga­da­ar­Ci­na ger­ma­ne­le­bis tyve­Ta ba­nak­Si gar­du­val sikv­dils da sa­qar­Tve­lo­Sic Ca­mo­iy­va­na.

sa­nam Wi­ra­qa­Ze­ze da­viw­yeb­deT sa­ub­ars, min­da aR­vniS­no, rom ro­de­sac kiT­xu­lob sa­qar­Tve­los Si­na­gan saq­me­Ta sa­mi­nis­tros ar­qiv­Si da­cul ma­sa­leb­Si, sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si ger­ma­nu­li ar­mi­is sxva­das­xva or­ga­nos mi­er TviTm­fri­na­ve­biT gad­mos­xmu­li de­san­tis wev­re­bis Cve­ne­bebs, Se­in­iS­ne­ba ma­Ti tyve­Ta ba­na­ke­bi­dan ga­mom­yva­ni da faq­tob­ri­vad si­coc­xlis Sem­nar­Cu­ne­be­li em­ig­ran­te­bis ase vTqvaT `sa­er­To~ mo­ti­va­cia. da­pa­tim­re­bu­li pi­re­bis Cve­ne­be­bi­dan aS­ka­rad ga­mos­Wvi­vis, rom qar­Tvel em­ig­ran­tebs, vinc tyve­Ta ba­na­keb­Si Se­di­od­nen da qar­Tve­li er­ov­ne­bis tyve­ebs es­a­ub­re­bod­nen sje­ro­daT, rom is­i­ni bol­Se­vi­ke­bis­gan sa­qar­Tve­los ga­san­Ta­vi­suf­leb­lad ibr­Zod­nen.

msgav­si in­for­ma­ci­eb­ia da­cu­li Wi­ra­qa­Zis jgu­fis wev­re­bis Cve­ne­beb­Si. ma­ga­li­Tad, eb­an­o­iZ­is er­Tgan wers, `Wi­ra­qa­Ze am­bob­da, rom sa­qar­Tve­los ok­up­ac­i­is Sem­deg Se­iq­mne­ba `da­mo­uk­id­eb­e­li sa­qar­Tve­los~ mTav­ro­ba em­ig­ran­te­bis­gan~-o.[46]

erT-erT Cve­ne­ba­Si ki am­bobs, `em­ig­ran­tma Wi­ra­qa­Zem~ miT­xra, wa­mox­val Tu ara Cem­Tan er­Tad sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si sa­qar­Tve­los gan­Ta­vi­suf­le­bis­Tvis mu­Sa­ob­is sa­war­mo­eb­lad~-o.[47]

jgu­fis sxva wev­ri fic­xe­la­u­ri uC­ve­neb­da, rom mas em­ig­ran­tma leo ba­lar­jiS­vil­ma uT­xra `igi, ro­gorc en­eb­is mcod­ne ga­mo­sa­de­gi iyo sa­qar­Tve­los gan­Ta­vi­suf­le­bis­Tvis brZo­la­Si bol­Se­vi­ke­bis­gan da sab­Wo­Ta xe­li­suf­le­bis­gan, rom sa­qar­Tve­lo iq­ne­bo­da da­mo­uk­id­eb­e­li~.[48]

aR­sa­niS­na­via, rom fic­xe­la­ur­is sit­yve­biT, sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si Ca­mos­vlis Sem­deg gi­or­gi Wi­ra­qa­Ze, ma­Ti Ca­mosx­do­mis ad­gil­ze mde­ba­re sof­le­bis mcxov­reb­lebs es­a­ub­re­bo­da da eub­ne­bo­da, rom - `sa­qar­Tve­lo da­mo­uk­id­eb­e­li iq­ne­bo­da~.[49]

am kuT­xiT, as­e­ve sa­in­te­re­soa dur­gliS­vi­lis Cve­ne­ba. mi­si sit­yve­biT `Wi­ra­qa­Ze tyve­Ta ba­nak­Si yof­ni­sas xSi­rad mi­di­o­da tyve­eb­Tan da am­bob­da – Cve­ni mi­za­ni ar­is da as­ec un­da ga­va­ke­ToT, rom am brZo­leb­Si qar­Tve­li xal­xi ar da­ix­oc­os. xe­li un­da Se­vuw­yoT qar­Tve­li xal­xis aj­an­ye­bas ad­gi­lob­ri­vi sab­Wo­eb­is wi­na­aRm­deg~. dur­gliS­vi­li as­e­ve uC­ve­neb­da – `qar­Tve­li em­ig­ran­te­bi mo­iT­xov­dnen Cven­gan dax­ma­re­bis ga­we­vas, ra­Ta sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si sab­Wo­eb­is dam­xo­bis Sem­deg ga­mo­ec­xa­de­bi­naT da­mo­uk­id­eb­lo­ba~.[50]

ma­sa­le­bis mi­xed­viT, Te­la­vis ra­i­on­is gom­bo­ris uR­el­te­xi­lis te­ri­to­ri­a­ze mde­ba­re aS­ro­Sa­nis tye­Si Ca­mos­xmu­li ger­ma­nu­li de­san­tis xel­mZRva­ne­lis gi­or­gi sam­so­nis Ze Wi­ra­qa­Ze, 1909 wels Tbi­lis­Si da­ba­de­bu­la. igi iz­i­ar­eb­da so­ci­al-de­mok­ra­ti­u­li par­ti­is (men­Se­vi­ke­bi) id­e­ol­og­i­as. ra­mo­de­ni­me we­li mu­Sa­ob­da in­ka­sa­to­rad So­rap­nis rki­nig­za­ze. Wi­ra­qa­Zes mi­si Cve­ne­bis mi­xed­viT, 1930 wlis 2 seq­tem­bers, fu­li wa­uR­ia xa­Sur­Si, mag­ram mgzav­ro­bi­sas da­uk­ar­gavs 20000 ma­ne­Ti. Tan­xa ver up­ov­ia da uk­an, So­ra­pan­Si gab­ru­ne­bu­la, sa­dac Sex­ved­ria me­zob­lebs, ta­ri­el JRents da va­le­ri­an Rlonts.[51]

sa­ub­ri­sas ga­ur­kve­via, rom is­i­ni aW­ar­is te­ri­to­ri­id­an saz­Rvar­ga­reT ap­ir­eb­dnen em­ig­ri­re­bas. maT­Tan er­Tad wa­su­la da saz­Rvar­ze ra­mo­de­ni­me dRi­a­ni lo­di­nis Sem­deg, sa­mi­ve Tur­qeT­Si ga­da­su­lan.[52]

Tur­qeT­Si igi Sex­ved­ri­la sa­qar­Tve­lo­dan ma­sa­viT ar­al­eg­al­ur­ad ga­da­sul pi­rebs. maT So­ris, im ad­am­i­an­ebs vinc saf­ran­geT­Si dev­ni­lo­ba­Si myo­fi sa­qar­Tve­los da­mo­uk­id­eb­e­li res­pub­li­kis xel­mZRva­ne­le­bis mi­er gar­kve­u­li da­va­le­biT iy­vnen gag­zav­ni­li sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si da uk­an gab­run­dnen.[53]

Wi­ra­qa­Ze da mi­si Tan­mxle­bi pi­re­bi, em­ig­ra­ci­a­Si myo­fi sa­qar­Tve­los da­mo­uk­id­eb­e­li res­pub­li­kis mTav­ro­bis war­mo­mad­gen­le­bis dax­ma­re­biT Tur­qe­Ti­dan ga­da­su­lan saf­ran­geT­Si. gi­or­gi Wi­ra­qa­Zes Tav­da­pir­ve­lad erT-erT pro­vin­ci­ul qa­laq­Si um­uS­av­ia mi­wis sa­mu­Sa­o­eb­ze, Sem­deg mi­uR­ia saf­ran­geT­Si cxov­re­bis uf­le­ba da ga­da­su­la pa­riz­Si.[54]

swav­la da­uw­yia in­sti­tut­Si, ro­me­lic ver da­um­Tav­re­bia. sa­ma­gi­er­od, pa­riz­Si Se­is­wav­la av­to-saq­me da 1936 wlam­de um­uS­av­ia mZRo­lad saz­Rvar­ga­reT mcxov­reb erT-erT qar­Tvel­Tan. aq­ve, am­a­ve pe­ri­od­Si ga­uv­lia ru­si TeTr­gvar­di­el­eb­is `ru­su­li sam­xed­ro kav­Si­ris~ sam­xed­ro of­ic­ris kur­se­bi da mi­uR­ia fe­xo­sa­ni ja­ris le­it­en­an­tis wo­de­ba. um­uS­av­ia as­e­ve `re­nos~ av­to­mo­bi­le­bis qar­xa­na­Si sxva qar­Tve­leb­Tan er­Tad: se­ve­ri­an Wi­ra­qa­Ze, gi­go Jor­da­nia, So­Ta be­re­Ji­a­ni, mi­xe­il bax­ta­Ze, ko­lia Ta­ya­iS­vi­li, ser­go ma­Ti­kaS­vi­li da sxve­bi.[55]

1936 wlis oq­tom­ber­Si Wi­ra­qa­Ze saf­ran­ge­Tis jar­Si ga­uw­ve­vi­aT, mox­ved­ri­la sa­ar­ti­le­rio pol­kSi, Sem­deg Se­e­xo de­mo­bi­li­za­cia. igi jar­Si, 1939 wels kvlav ga­iw­vi­es, oR­ond uk­ve sa­tan­ko na­wil­Si moxv­da, sa­dac mi­si sit­yve­biT `msa­xu­rob­da ger­ma­ni­is da saf­ran­ge­Tis da­za­ve­bam­de~.[56]

am­is Sem­deg aR­moCn­da mu­Sa­Ta ba­nak­Si, sa­va­ra­ud­od es iyo fran­gi ja­ris­ka­ce­bis­gan Sem­dga­ri mu­Sa­Ta ba­ta­li­o­ni. aq, 1941 wlis 10 marts mi­su­la mi­xe­il ke­dia, ro­mel­sac ger­ma­ni­a­Si ga­sag­zav­nad Se­ug­ro­ve­bia mu­Se­bi. mas Wi­ra­qa­Zes­Tan er­Tad san­dro de­met­raS­vi­li da se­ve­ri­an ur­uS­a­Ze Sur­Ce­via. is­i­ni ga­ug­zav­nia ger­ma­ni­a­Si, sa­dac Wi­ra­qa­Zes qa­laq ber­lin­Si av­to­sa­re­mon­to sa­xe­los­no­Si da­uw­yia mu­Sa­o­ba.[57]

Wi­ra­qa­Ze Ta­vis Cve­ne­ba­Si aR­niS­nav­da, rom mi­si ger­ma­ni­a­Si yof­nis dros is Sex­ved­ria so­so gva­ra­ma­Zes, ro­mel­sac Se­ud­ge­nia ger­ma­ni­is ar­mi­is ge­ne­ra­lu­ri Sta­bis saz­Rvao daz­ver­vis gan­yo­fi­leb­Si war­sad­ge­nad, qar­Tve­li em­ig­ran­te­bis sia 15-20 ka­cis od­en­ob­iT. 1941 wlis iv­lis­Si igi ga­mo­uZ­ax­i­aT Ste­tin­Si mde­ba­re ge­ne­ra­lu­ri Sta­bis saz­Rvao daz­ver­vis gan­yo­fi­le­ba­Si.[58] Wi­ra­qa­Ze Ca­su­la Ste­tin­Si da iq mde­ba­re sam­xed­ro daz­ver­vis da kon­trdaz­ver­vis or­ga­nos (`ab­ver~) saz­Rvao daz­ver­vis gan­yo­fi­le­bis sa­daz­ver­vo sko­la­Si, sxva qar­Tve­leb­Tan er­Tad, ra­di­og­ad­ac­em­is Sem­swav­lel kur­seb­ze da­uw­yia swav­la, ro­me­lic ver da­um­Tav­re­bia, rad­gan aR­mo­aCn­da cu­di sme­na. aR­sa­niS­na­via, rom Cvens mi­er mo­Zi­eb­ul erT-erT sa­ar­qi­vo saq­me­Si, mas­Tan er­Tad Ste­tin­Si mde­ba­re sa­daz­ver­vo sko­la­Si myo­fi pi­ri, mi­si me­go­ba­ri ni­ko (ni­ko­loz) wa­wa­laS­vi­li, Ta­vis Cve­ne­ba­Si ad­as­tu­reb­da, rom Wi­ra­qa­Zem ver is­wav­la da­sa­xe­le­bul sko­la­Si, rad­gan sme­nas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li prob­le­me­bi hqon­da. swo­red, ra­di­og­ad­am­ce­mis mox­ma­re­bis ar­cod­niT un­da aix­snas, mis mi­er ra­dis­tis aq­ti­u­ri Zeb­na qar­Tvel tyve­Ta ba­na­keb­Si. sxva jgu­febs, rom­leb­sac Wi­ra­qa­Zis msgav­sad em­ig­ran­ti qar­Tve­le­bi ad­gen­dnen, ra­dis­te­bad swo­red Ste­ti­nis sa­daz­ver­vo sko­la­Si swav­la­gav­li­li pi­re­bi xel­mZRva­ne­lob­dnen.

Wi­ra­qa­Ze ber­lin­Si dab­ru­ne­bu­la, mag­ram 1942 wlis iv­nis­Si, igi kvlav ga­mo­iZ­ax­es Ste­tin­Si saz­Rvao daz­ver­vis gan­yo­fi­le­ba, sa­dac mi­i­Ro Se­sa­ba­mi­si do­ku­men­te­bi da gag­zav­nil iq­na sim­fe­ro­pol­Si `ab­ver~-is Sa­vi zRvis auz­is daz­ver­vis gan­yo­fi­le­bis uf­ros, ka­pi­tan bo­des gan­kar­gu­le­ba­Si.[59]

aq­ve min­da aR­vniS­no, rom gi­or­gi Wi­ra­qa­Zes mi­ni­We­bu­li hqon­da saz­Rvao ma­i­or­is wo­de­ba. swo­red am­is ga­mo iyo, rom mi­si jgu­fis wev­re­bi, vis­Tan er­Ta­dac `ga­da­is­ro­les~ sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si, mas xan­da­xan `ma­i­o­ri Wi­ra­qa­Ze~ mo­ix­se­ni­eb­dnen.

sim­fe­ro­pol­Si yof­ni­sas Wi­ra­qa­Zes, mi­si sit­yve­biT, uc­dia da­kav­Si­re­bo­da so­ci­al-de­mok­ra­ti­u­li par­ti­is (men­Se­vi­ke­bi) xel­mZRva­ne­lo­bas saf­ran­geT­Si. we­ri­lic ki ga­ug­zav­nia am par­ti­is saz­Rvar­ga­re­Tu­li bi­ur­os wevr va­li­ko in­wkir­vel­Tan. at­yo­bi­neb­da, rom mas up­ir­eb­dnen sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si ga­dag­zav­nas da iT­xov­da mi­Ti­Te­bebs, Tu ro­gor moq­ce­ul­i­yo sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si `ga­das­ro­lis~ Sem­Txve­va­Si. va­li­ko in­wkir­ve­li Ca­su­la sim­fe­ro­pol­Si, Sex­ved­ria Wi­ra­qa­Zes, Tum­ca mis­Tvis ra­i­me mi­Ti­Te­ba, an qme­di­Ti dax­ma­re­ba ver ga­uw­ev­ia.[60]

cxa­dia, rom da­kiT­xvi­sas gi­or­gi Wi­ra­qa­Ze gar­kve­ul in­for­ma­ci­ebs da­ma­lav­da da mxo­lod mi­si Cve­ne­be­bi, mis pi­rov­ne­ba­ze war­mod­ge­nis Se­saq­mne­lad sak­ma­ri­si ar­aa. Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, mis Se­sa­xeb me­ti in­for­ma­ci­is ga­sa­ge­bad da Se­da­re­biT srul­yo­fi­li war­mod­ge­nis Se­saq­mne­lad, sxva in­for­ma­ci­eb­sac ga­gac­nobT.

eb­an­o­i­Ze Ta­vis erT-erT Cve­ne­ba­Si am­bob­da, `em­ig­ran­ti Wi­ra­qa­Ze di­di qa­di­liT gve­sa­ub­re­bo­da Ta­vis gmi­rul war­sul­ze, sa­qar­Tve­lo­dan em­ig­ra­ci­a­Si was­vla­ze, saf­ran­geT­Si 11 we­li yof­na­ze, iq­id­an ger­ma­ni­a­Si ga­das­vla­ze, 1936 wels sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si yof­na­ze, de­san­tiT yof­na­ze es­pa­neT­Si, po­lo­neT­Si da sa­ber­ZneT­Si~.[61]

sxva Cve­ne­ba­Si ki ak­on­kre­teb­da, rom Wi­ra­qa­Ze `1936 wels saf­ran­ge­Ti­dan so­xum­Si Ca­su­la sxva em­ig­ran­teb­Tan er­Tad da iq­id­an uk­ve Tbi­lis­Si gam­gzav­re­bu­la spe­ci­al­u­ri da­va­le­bis Se­sas­ru­leb­lad. aq mo­uw­ve­via ar­al­eg­al­u­ri kre­ba da Se­us­ru­le­bia mi­ce­mu­li da­va­le­ba. Sem­deg ma­xa­ra­Zis ra­i­on­is erT-erT so­fel­Si wa­su­la, sa­dac uq­e­if­ia ki­dec. am­is Sem­deg ki, oC­am­Ci­res gav­liT saz­Rvar­ga­reT gam­gzav­re­bu­la~.[62]

aq­ve aR­vniS­nav, rom sxva ma­sa­leb­Si ra­i­me in­for­ma­cia eb­an­o­iZ­is am mo­naT­xro­bis da­sa­das­tu­reb­lad ver mo­vi­Zie. ro­gorc Cans es in­for­ma­cia si­mar­Tles ar Se­es­ab­am­eb­o­da.

gi­or­gi Wi­ra­qa­Zis sab­ral­de­bo das­kvna­Si ki, aR­niS­nu­lia rom `Wi­ra­qa­Ze iyo ber­li­nis mcxov­re­bi. igi 1930 wlam­de cxov­rob­da da mu­Sa­ob­da So­ra­pan­Si, mo­la­re-in­ka­sa­to­rad rki­nig­za­ze, sa­id­an­ac Ta­nam­zrax­ve­leb­Tan, ta­ri­el JRen­ti da va­le­ri­an Rlon­ti (im­yo­fe­bi­an em­ig­ra­ci­a­Si), ga­it­a­ca 65 000 ma­ne­Ti da em­ig­ri­re­bul iq­na saz­Rvar­ga­reT~.[63]

sab­ral­de­bo das­kvna­Si as­e­ve we­ria, `Wi­ra­qa­Ze 1939 wels pa­ri­zi­dan gaw­ve­ul iq­na sa­tan­ko `sikv­di­lis di­vi­zia~-Si. ger­ma­ni­is mi­er saf­ran­ge­Tis ok­up­ac­i­is Sem­deg ki iyo Sro­miT ba­na­keb­Si, sa­dac igi ger­ma­ni­is daz­ver­vis ag­en­tma mi­xe­il ke­di­am ga­da­ib­i­ra ger­ma­ni­a­Si sa­mu­Sa­od~.[64]

ga­mo­Zi­eb­is mi­er Sed­ge­nil do­ku­men­teb­Si vkiT­xu­lobT, rom `Wi­ra­qa­Zem Ste­tin­Si ga­i­a­ra daz­ver­vis ra­dio-sko­la da sim­fe­ro­pol­Si Cas­vlis Sem­deg tyve­Ta jgu­fi mo­am­za­da sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si ga­da­sas­ro­lad~.[65]

erT-er­Ti do­ku­men­tis mi­xed­viT ki `Wi­ra­qa­Ze spe­ci­al­ob­iT mZRo­li, 1931 wli­dan `qar­Tu­li TeT­ri em­ig­ra­ci­is or­ga­ni­za­cia so­ci­al-de­mok­ra­te­bis wev­ri iyo. da­pa­tim­re­bi­sas ki `ab­ver~-is Sa­vi zRvis auz­is daz­ver­vis gan­yo­fi­le­bis ma­i­o­ri, pa­ra­Su­tist-di­ver­san­te­bis jgu­fis uf­ro­si~.[66]

wo­de­biT ma­i­o­ri, `pa­ra­Su­tist-di­ver­san­te­bis jgu­fis uf­ro­si~ Wi­ra­qa­Ze, jer ki­dev sim­fe­ro­pol­Si yof­ni­sas iyo `ga­ce­mu­li~ mis mi­er Ser­Ce­u­li jgu­fis wev­re­bis, yo­fi­li wi­Te­lar­mi­el­eb­is mi­er. fic­xe­la­ur­is Cve­ne­bi­dan Cans, rom `mas, dur­gliS­vils da eb­an­o­iZ­es, jer ki­dev sim­fe­ro­pol­Si yof­ni­sas mo­ul­ap­ar­ak­i­aT jgu­fis xel­mZRva­ne­li go­gi (gi­or­gi) Wi­ra­qa­Ze `Ca­eb­ar­eb­in­aT~ `Sin­sax­kom­Si~.[67]

yo­fi­li tyve­e­bi erT oT­ax­Si cxov­rob­dnen, ra­mac maT `gu­lis ga­daS­la~ ga­ud­vi­la. fic­xe­la­ur­ma ga­mo­Zi­eb­is pro­ces­Si ram­den­jer­me ga­nac­xa­da, `am sa­kiTx­ze sa­ub­ris in­ic­i­at­o­ri vi­ya­vi me~.[68] Tum­ca, fic­xe­la­u­ri sa­nam jgu­fis wev­rebs ga­an­dob­da gan­zrax­vas, Ta­vi­si sur­vi­li ma­sa­viT ger­ma­ne­le­bis sam­sa­xur­Si Cam­dga­ri yo­fi­li wi­Te­lar­mi­el­is, im­Ja­mad ki, sim­fe­ro­pol­Si gan­la­ge­bu­li, erT-er­Ti ger­ma­nu­li sa­daz­ver­vo or­ga­nos uf­ro­sis mZRol av­san­ja­liS­vi­lis­Tvis ga­un­dia.[69]

am uk­an­as­knels mos­wo­ne­bia fic­xe­la­ur­is gan­zrax­va, rom mas sur­da Wi­ra­qa­Ze sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si `gad­mos­ro­lis~ Sem­deg `Sin­sax­kom­Si~ `Ca­eb­ar­eb­i­na~. sa­ub­riT Se­gu­li­an­eb­ul fic­xe­la­urs mo­ul­ap­ar­ak­ia Ta­vi­si jgu­fis wev­reb­Ta­nac.[70]

mas am sa­kiTx­ze as­e­ve ul­ap­ar­ak­ia, im yo­fil sab­Wo­Ta tye­eb­Tan, vinc im­Ja­mad Se­di­od­nen sim­fe­ro­pol­Si gan­la­ge­bu­li ger­ma­nu­li daz­ver­vis mi­er mom­za­de­bul, sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si gad­mo­sas­rol sxva jgu­feb­Si da rom­le­bic maT­ze ad­re un­da ga­mof­re­ni­liy­vnen sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si. maT ricxv­Si igi as­ax­el­eb­da vin­me var­di(o)Svils, ro­me­lic 1942 wlis 25 ag­vis­tos erT-er­Ti jgu­fis Se­mad­gen­lo­ba­Si `gad­mo­is­ro­les~ sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si. aR­niS­nav­da, rom am pi­ris jgu­fis wev­reb­sac, as­e­ve sur­daT ne­ba­yo­fi­lo­biT ga­moc­xa­de­ba `Sin­sax­kom­Si~. fic­xe­la­ur­is sit­yve­biT, maT Ta­vi­si jgu­fis ga­daw­yve­ti­le­ba­ze im­it­om es­a­ub­re­bo­da, rom `sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si mas­ze ad­re ga­dag­zav­ni­lebs saq­mis kur­sSi Ca­ey­en­eb­in­aT `Sin­sax­ko­mi~ mi­si jgu­fis gan­zrax­va­ze~.[71]

Ta­vis mxriv, eb­an­o­i­Ze uC­ve­neb­da, rom igi sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si TviTm­fri­na­viT gad­mog­zav­nam­de `mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bia sxva jgu­fis ra­dist ba­ku­ra­Zes, ro­me­lic ad­re iq­na `gad­mos­ro­li­li~ Ta­vi­si jgu­fis wev­reb­Tan er­Tad, rom mi­si jgu­fis wev­re­bi ap­ir­eb­dnen `Sin­sax­kom­Si~ ga­moc­xa­de­bas~.[72]

eb­an­o­i­Ze as­e­ve Ca­moT­vlis pi­rebs, vinc sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si gad­mos­ro­lis Sem­deg ne­ba­yo­fi­lo­biT un­da ga­moc­xa­de­bu­liy­vnen `Sin­sax­kom­Si~. maT So­ris ax­se­nebs var­di(o)Svils Tbi­li­si­dan.[73]

Se­saZ­loa es pi­ri swo­red fic­xe­la­ur­is mi­er da­sa­xe­le­bu­li var­di(o)Svi­lia. aR­sa­niS­na­via, rom eb­an­o­i­Ze am pi­re­bis Ca­mo­naT­val­Si ax­se­neb­da vin­me ca­lu­Re­laS­vil­sac, ro­me­lic ap­ir­eb­da nkvd-Si ga­moc­xa­de­bas.[74] Cems mi­er mo­Zi­eb­u­li sa­ar­qi­vo ma­sa­le­bis mo­xed­viT, ca­lu­Re­laS­vi­li mar­Tlac ga­moc­xad­da `Sin­sax­kom­Si~, Tum­ca am­is mi­ux­ed­av­ad igi ma­inc dax­vre­tes.

Tu ra­tom hqon­daT eb­an­o­iZ­es, fic­xe­la­urs, dur­gliS­vils da ba­ca­caS­vils im­is im­e­di, rom `Sin­sax­kom­Si~ ga­moc­xa­de­bis Sem­deg maT ar dax­vret­dnen, am­is as­ax­sne­lad ni­San­dob­li­via eb­an­o­iZ­is Cve­ne­ba – `rad­gan Wi­ra­qa­Ze nam­yo­fi iyo sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si 1936 wels da Se­iZ­le­bo­da hqo­no­da aq kav­Si­re­bi, kar­gi iq­ne­bo­da ma­Ti Ca­ba­re­ba. am­it­om Tu as­eT kacs Cven wa­viy­vanT coc­xlad Ca­va­ba­rebT, Se­iZ­le­ba di­di ban­de­bi aR­mo­eC­in­aT~.[75]

anu, Ta­vi­si si­coc­xlis ga­da­sar­Ce­nad, Wi­ra­qa­Zis jgu­fis wev­re­bi, faq­tob­ri­vad sxva ad­am­i­ans swi­rav­dnen, rac maT ga­mo­uv­id­aT ki­dec. Tum­ca ris fa­sad, am­a­ze co­ta qve­moT vi­sa­ub­rebT.

eb­an­o­iZ­is sit­yve­biT, `fic­xe­la­u­ri mex­ve­we­bo­da ad­re Se­mes­wav­la es saq­me. miT­xra ma­le Se­is­wav­le ra­dio-saq­me, To­rem es xal­xi mSi­ers mogv­klav­so~.[76] sim­fe­ro­po­lis sa­daz­ver­vo sko­la­Si swav­lis daw­ye­bi­dan Za­li­an ma­le, Wi­ra­qa­Zis jgu­fi mzad iyo ga­saf­re­nad sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si, mag­ram 1942 wlis 22 ag­vis­tos `sa­kis~ aer­od­ro­mis­ken mi­ma­va­li ma­Ti man­qa­na av­ar­i­a­Si moy­va da da eb­an­o­iZ­em fe­xi iRr­Zo.[77]

am­it­om, ro­gorc ir­kve­va Wi­ra­qa­Zem Se­ar­Cia sxva ra­dis­ti, er­ov­ne­biT ru­si, mag­ram jgu­fis da­nar­Cen, ase vTqvaT `SeT­qmul~ wev­rebs ua­ri uT­qvamT am pi­ris maT jguf­Si `Sey­va­na­ze~. eb­an­iZ­is sit­yve­biT, `bi­Webs ar uq­ni­aT, ma­gas ver ven­do­biT ru­si­ao~. as­e­ve ua­ri ga­nuc­xa­de­bi­aT er­ov­ne­biT so­mex ra­dis­tTan er­Tad sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si gaf­re­na­ze~.[78]

aS­ka­raa, rom maT sur­daT er­Tob­li­vad Caf­re­na, ra­Ta Ta­vi­si gaz­rax­va uc­xo ad­am­i­an­is ga­re­Se, uf­ro iol­ad mo­ey­va­naT sis­ru­le­Si.

eb­an­o­iZ­is ga­mo­jan­mrTe­le­bis Sem­deg Wi­ra­qa­Zis jgu­fi, 1942 wlis 17 seq­tem­bers, sa­Ra­mos sa­aT­eb­Si, `sa­kis~ aer­od­ro­mi­dan gaf­rin­da sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si. ro­gorc ze­moT aR­vniS­ne, is­i­ni un­da sxva ad­gil­ze `Ca­es­xaT~. eb­an­o­i­Ze uC­ve­neb­da, rom `ma­Ti jgu­fi me­la­an­is max­lob­lad un­da ga­da­es­ro­laT, sa­dac maT­ze ad­re Caf­re­ni­li qar­Tve­le­bi el­od­eb­od­nen~.[79]

ig­iv­es im­e­or­eb­da fic­xe­la­u­ri `is­i­ni TviTm­fri­navs un­da ga­da­es­xa so­fel me­la­an­Si, mag­ram Te­la­vis ra­i­on­is so­fel aS­ro­San­Tan moxv­dnen~.[80]

swo­red TviTm­fri­nav­Si da­ma­la ra­di­og­ad­am­ce­mis an­te­na, uf­ro swo­red pa­ra­Su­tiT gad­mox­to­mis win TviTm­fri­na­vis sa­var­Zlis qveS Se­ag­do fic­xe­la­ur­ma. am niv­Tis ga­re­Se ki, ra­dis­ti ver mo­ax­er­xeb­da ra­di­og­ad­am­ce­miT sim­fe­ro­pol­Si sa­daz­ver­vo sko­las­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bas. sa­ub­ar­ia im an­te­na­ze, rom­lis Sov­nis sa­ba­biT fic­xe­la­u­ri da ba­ca­caS­vi­li Te­lav­Si wa­vid­nen, mag­ram `Sin­sax­kom­Si~ ga­moc­xad­nen.[81]

ra­di­og­ad­am­ce­mis an­te­nis da­mal­vis ep­iz­o­di, sxva mxri­Tac ar­is sa­in­te­re­so. an­te­nis da­mal­vis id­e­is `miT­vi­se­bas~ eb­an­o­i­Ze cdi­lob­da. Ta­vis pir­vel Cve­ne­ba­Si igi am­bob­da rom an­te­na man da­ma­la.[82] Ta­vi­si xe­liT da­we­ril `av­to­bi­og­ra­fia-Cve­ne­ba­Si~ eb­an­o­i­Ze kvlav ad­as­tu­reb­da, rom `fic­xe­la­urs me vuT­xa­ri Ca­mos­vli­sas da­em­a­la an­te­na~.[83] re­al­ur­ad ki, ro­gorc ma­sa­le­bis an­al­iz­id­an Cans, Tav­da­pir­ve­lad swo­red fic­xe­la­urs wa­mo­uy­en­eb­ia wi­na­da­de­ba nkvd-Si `Ca­eb­ar­eb­in­aT~ Wi­ra­qa­Ze da swo­red man ga­da­ma­la ra­di­og­ad­am­ce­mis an­te­nac.[84]

Tu ra­tom ga­va­max­vi­le am faq­teb­ze yu­rad­Re­bas, co­ta qve­moT vi­sa­ub­reb.

1942 wlis 17 seq­tem­bers, Ra­mis 10 sa­aT­ze, Wi­ra­qa­Zis jgu­fis wev­re­bis gom­bo­ris uR­el­te­xi­lis te­ri­to­ri­a­ze TviTm­fri­na­vi­dan pa­ra­Su­te­biT tyi­an re­li­ef­ze daS­ve­bas in­ci­den­te­bis ga­re­Se ar Ca­uv­lia. jgu­fis ori wev­ri, eb­an­o­i­Ze da dur­gliS­vi­li, da­Sav­dnen. or­iv­em fe­xi iRr­Zo. maT si­ar­u­li ar Se­eZ­loT, mag­ram di­liT is­i­ni ad­gi­lob­riv­ma mac­xov­reb­leb­ma ip­ov­es da Se­if­ar­es. uf­ro me­tic, ro­gorc ma­sa­le­bi­dan ir­kve­va, am ad­am­i­an­eb­ma ger­ma­nu­li de­san­tis wev­re­bis mi­marT ke­Til­gan­wyo­ba ga­mo­am­JRav­nes. Tav­da­pir­ve­lad sax­leb­Si Se­if­ar­es, da­Sa­ve­bu­lebs um­kur­na­les, da­ex­mar­nen er­Tma­ne­Tis mo­Zeb­na­Si da Sem­deg tye­Si, us­afr­Txo ad­gi­las qo­xis aS­en­eb­aS­ic da­ex­mar­nen.

Wi­ra­qa­Zis jgu­fis wev­re­bi uC­ve­neb­dnen, rom gom­bo­ris uR­el­te­xi­lis mim­de­ba­re te­ri­to­ri­a­ze mde­ba­re sof­le­bis mcxov­re­bi ad­gi­lob­ri­vi mo­sax­le­o­ba, xev­su­re­bi, sab­Wo­Ta xe­li­suf­le­bis mi­marT mtru­lad iy­vnen gan­wyo­bi­li.[85]

maT, ro­de­sac Wi­ra­qa­Zis­gan ga­ig­es, is da mi­si jgu­fis wev­re­bi iy­vnen ger­ma­ne­le­bis mi­er ga­mog­zav­ni­li, `Sin­sax­kom­Si~ da­biz­Re­bis ma­giv­rad gver­dSi da­ud­gnen da da­ex­mar­nen.[86]

ad­gi­lob­riv xev­su­rebs maT­Tvis mo­ri­ge­ob­iT mih­qon­daT sak­ve­bi pro­duq­te­bi, as­e­ve mo­am­ar­ag­es sxva­das­xva niv­Te­biT.[87]

Wi­ra­qa­Zis jgu­fis da­pa­tim­re­bis Sem­deg, tye­Si maT sac­xov­re­bel qox­Si aR­moCn­da: xev­su­ru­li far­da­gi, qva­bi, kov­ze­bi, To­xi da sxva niv­Te­bi.[88]

ma­sa­le­bi­dan Cans, Wi­ra­qa­Zis jgu­fis wev­re­bi, ga­mo­Zi­eb­as maT­Tvis dax­ma­re­bis gam­wev ad­gi­lob­riv mac­xov­reb­leb­ze uam­rav ma­kom­pro­mi­ti­re­bel in­for­ma­ci­as `aZ­lev­dnen~. as­e­ve sa­ub­rob­dnen Wir­qa­Zis mi­er ga­we­ul ag­it­ac­i­a­ze ger­ma­ne­le­bis sa­sar­geb­lod – `Wi­ra­qa­Ze maT es­a­ub­re­bo­da bol­Se­vi­ke­bis­gan gan­Ta­vi­suf­le­ba­ze, hpir­de­bo­da mi­we­bis, iar­aR­is da­ri­ge­bas~.[89]

is­i­ni as­e­ve aR­niS­nav­dnen – `ad­gi­lob­ri­ve­bi Cven Za­li­an kar­gad gvep­yro­bod­nen. Wi­ra­qa­Zis ag­it­ac­i­iT aR­frTo­va­ne­bu­le­bi iy­vnen da ux­ar­od­aT ger­ma­ne­le­bis ma­le mos­vla~.[90]

jgu­fis yve­la­ze, ase vTqvaT `sab­Wo­ur­ad~ gan­wyo­bi­li wev­ri, `Sin­sax­ko­mis~ yo­fi­li ag­en­ti `sar­ke~, bol­Se­vi­ki eb­an­o­Ze Ta­vis Cve­ne­ba­Si aR­niS­nav­da: `Wi­ra­qa­Zem gars Se­mo­ik­ri­ba ad­gi­lob­ri­vi mo­sax­le­o­ba, vinc mas ic­av­dnen~.[91]

eb­an­o­Ze Ta­vi­si xe­liT da­we­ril `av­to­bi­og­ra­fia-Cve­ne­ba­Si~ pir­da­pir as­ax­el­ebs ad­gi­lob­ri­vi mo­sax­le­ob­is `da­na­Sa­ul­eb­ebs~ sab­Wo­Ta xe­li­suf­le­bis wi­na­Se da ro­gorc ga­moc­di­li ag­en­ti, ro­mel­sac Se­uZ­lia da­mo­uk­id­eb­lad mo­iZ­i­os da ga­an­al­iz­os in­for­ma­cia wers Sem­degs:

`a) Svi­di dRis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si Cve­ni gle­xeb­Tan yof­nis da sa­ub­ris dros aR­mo­va­Ci­ne da Se­vam­Cnie Sem­de­gi – ax­al­gazr­da bi­Webs va­nos, pet­res, sxva­das­xva dRes ec­vaT sxva­das­xva sam­xed­ro Sar­vle­bi da ze­da tan­sac­me­li. es me ma­eW­vebs, sad Se­iZ­in­es. iq xom ar im­al­eb­i­an sxva gad­mof­re­ni­li xal­xi, rom­le­bic as­e­Ti for­miT mo­di­an;

b) em­ig­rants hpir­de­bod­nen erT kvi­ra­Si or­as kacs ga­gi­CenT aj­an­ye­ba­Si mo­na­wi­le­ob­is­Tvi­so, iar­a­Ri `ga­aW­ir­ebs~ saq­me­so da say­ve­du­rob­dnen em­ig­rants iar­a­Ri ra­tom ar Ca­it­a­na;

d) 27 seq­tem­bers em­ig­ran­tis da­We­ris dRes ga­mo­vi­a­re cxe­niT, glex gi­or­gis (35 wlis) saxl­Tan. sax­lis ze­da mxa­re­ze da­vi­na­xe or­moc­da­aT­ze me­ti cxvris tya­vi da ga­vi­fiq­re vin Wams am­den cxvrebs;

d) erT-er­Ti sa­ub­ris dros glex­ma pet­rem em­ig­rants uT­xra, `oR­ond mo­vid­nen ger­ma­ne­le­bi da me aq `maq­sim­ka~ pu­li­mi­ots av­ak­ak­an­e­bo~;

e) gle­xebs aqvT pa­ta­ra re­vol­ve­re­bi. maT­Tan sa­ub­ri­sas ad­gi­lob­ri­vi xev­su­re­bi aR­niS­nav­dnen, rom is­i­ni in­ax­av­dnen qa­qu­ca Co­lo­yaS­vils. iq­ne­ba ax­lac in­ax­av­en qa­qu­cebs?~.[92]

swo­red am kiT­xvas am­at­eb­da eb­an­o­i­Ze Ta­vis ze­mo­moy­va­nil Cve­ne­bas, ri­Tac `Sin­sax­koms~ gom­bo­ris uR­el­te­xi­lis te­ri­to­ri­a­ze mde­ba­re sof­le­bis mo­sax­le­ob­is wi­na­aRm­deg rep­re­si­u­li zo­me­bis ga­ta­re­bis­ken ub­iZ­geb­da.

Wi­ra­qa­Zis jgufs ex­ma­re­bod­nen da Sem­deg xe­li­suf­le­bis mxri­dan dev­nis ob­i­eq­ti gax­dnen Sem­de­gi ad­gi­lob­ri­vi mcxov­reb­le­bi: `gi­or­gi ar­ab­u­li, va­no ar­ab­u­li, pet­re (pe­to) ar­ab­u­li, ab­ram ar­ab­u­li, so­fel vaS­lo­va­nis mcxov­reb­le­bi, as­e­ve am sof­lis mac­xov­re­be­li vin­me gi­ga­u­ri da ki­dev er­Ti pi­rov­ne­ba, rom­lis sa­xe­li da gva­ri uc­no­bia so­fel TeTr­wyle­bi­dan~.[93] sab­Wo­Ta xe­li­suf­le­bam ze­mo­da­sa­xe­le­bu­li pi­re­bis na­wi­li da­pa­tim­ra, na­wi­li ki da­im­a­la tye­eb­Si.

Wi­ra­qa­Zes ga­na­Ce­ni ga­mo­ut­an­es da dax­vri­tes, xo­lo mi­si jgu­fis wev­re­bi, ma­Ti mo­lo­di­nis mi­ux­ed­av­ad, pa­tim­ro­bi­dan arc ga­an­Ta­vi­suf­les da miT um­et­es, arc da­aj­il­do­ves. is­i­ni `da­ag­en­tu­re­bul~ iq­nen sab­Wo­Ta sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vis mi­er.[94] ma­sa­leb­Si da­cu­lia eb­an­o­iZ­is, fic­xe­la­ur­is, dur­gliS­vi­lis da ba­ca­caS­vi­lis mi­er xel­mo­we­ri­li do­ku­men­te­bi, sa­id­an­ac Cans, rom is­i­ni sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vis e.w. `am­om­cno­bi ag­en­te­bi~ gax­dnen.

sa­in­te­re­soa, Tu ro­gor xde­bo­da msgavs `sa­mu­Sa­o­ze~ ad­am­i­an­eb­is `da­ag­en­tu­re­ba~. ir­kve­va, rom da­sa­xe­le­bu­li pi­re­bi of­ic­i­al­ur­ad ga­as­am­ar­Tles da Ti­To­e­uls xuT-xu­Ti we­li ci­xe mi­es­a­ja.[95]

es sak­ma­od lmo­bi­e­ri ga­na­Ce­ni iyo, rad­gan sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si ger­ma­ne­le­bis mi­er `gad­mos­ro­li­li~ pi­re­bis um­et­es­o­ba, im­is mi­ux­ed­av­ad, rom bev­ri maT­ga­ni nkvd-Si ga­mocx­dda dax­vre­til iq­nen.[96]

`lmo­bi­er­e­ba~ ga­mo­ix­a­ta im­aS­ic, rom 1943 wlis ma­is­id­an oT­xi­ve – eb­an­o­i­Ze, fic­xe­la­u­ri, dur­gliS­vi­li da ba­ca­caS­vi­li – ga­dag­zav­nil iq­nen sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vis gan­kar­gu­le­ba­Si da 1944 wels, pa­tim­ro­bi­da­nac ga­an­Ta­vi­suf­les. mov­le­nebs ga­vus­wreb da vit­yvi, rom ma­Ti sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vis gan­kar­gu­le­ba­Si ga­dag­zav­na mox­da Wi­ra­qa­Zis dax­vre­tis Ta­nad­ro­ul­ad.

da­ax­lo­eb­iT im­a­ve dro­iT, 1943 wlis iv­ni­siT, ar­is da­Ta­ri­Re­bu­li ze­mo­da­sa­xe­le­bu­li `oT­xe­ul­is~ mi­er sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vis­Tvis mi­ce­mu­li Tan­xmo­be­bi ag­en­tu­ru­li saq­mi­an­ob­is ga­we­va­ze. am do­ku­ments, ro­mel­zec is­i­ni sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vas­Tan `Ta­nam­Srom­lo­ba­ze~ aw­er­en xels `me­mo­ran­du­mi~ ew­od­eb­o­da.[97]

ma­sa­leb­Si da­cul `me­mo­ran­du­mebs~ aw­er­ia – `saq­me # 3251 sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vis sam­mar­Tve­lo~. yve­la maT­ga­nis Tav­fur­cel­ze vkiT­xu­lobT – `mtkic­de­ba er­Tdro­ul­ad sab­ral­de­bo das­kvnas­Tan er­Tad~. do­ku­men­tis Si­na­ar­si an­ke­tis msgav­sia – Ca­mo­we­ri­lia pi­rov­ne­bis gva­ri, sa­xe­li; so­ci­al­u­ri war­mo­So­ba; par­ti­ul­o­ba; bra­li; da a.S. ze­mo­da­sa­xe­le­bul pi­reb­ze uk­ve Sev­se­bul `me­mo­ran­du­meb­Si~ mi­Ti­Te­bu­lia – `mo­na­wi­le ger­ma­ne­li pa­ra­Su­tis­te­bis jgu­fis, gad­mos­ro­li­li sa­qar­Tve­los te­ri­to­ri­a­ze daz­ver­vi­Ti da aj­an­ye­bi­Ti saq­mi­an­ob­is­Tvis wi­Te­li ar­mi­is zur­gSi~.[98]

aR­niS­nu­li do­ku­men­tis me-12 pun­qti pir­da­pir gviC­ve­nebs, Tu `me­mo­ran­du­mi~ re­al­ur­ad ras war­mo­ad­gen­da – `da­sa­xe­le­bu­li pi­ri Se­iZ­le­ba Tu ara ga­da­bi­re­bul iq­nas da ra saq­mis­Tvis?~ am kiT­xvis pa­su­xad Se­sa­ba­mi­si gra­fa­Si we­ria – `mxed­ve­lo­ba­Sia mi­sa­Re­bia mi­wa­ze daS­ve­bis Sem­deg `Sin­sax­ko­mis~ or­ga­no­Si ne­ba­yo­fi­lo­bi­Ti ga­moc­xa­de­ba da ga­we­u­li dax­ma­re­ba pa­ra­Su­tis­te­bis jgu­fis xel­mZRva­ne­lis, Wi­ra­qa­Zis da­ka­ve­bis saq­me­Si. Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, Se­saZ­le­be­lia mi­si ga­da­bi­re­ba~.[99]

me-13 pun­qtSi ki vkiT­xu­lobT – `ra gan­sa­kuT­re­bu­li moT­xov­ne­bia ga­saT­va­lis­wi­ne­be­li pi­ris ag­en­tu­ru­li mos­ma­xu­re­bi­sas?~. aq uk­ve aR­niS­nu­lia, Tu ro­me­li pi­ris­gan, jgu­fis­gan un­da iy­os `ga­da­bi­re­bu­li~ iz­ol­ir­eb­u­li.[100] es al­baT im­it­om, rom ar mom­xda­ri­yo mi­si ag­en­tu­ru­li saq­mi­an­ob­is Sem­Txve­vi­Ti gam­JRav­ne­ba. ma­ga­li­Tad, da­sa­xe­le­bu­li `oT­xe­ul­is~ mi­er da­biz­Re­bu­li ad­gi­lob­ri­vi, uk­ve da­pa­tim­re­bu­li pi­re­bis Sex­ved­ra ci­xis sak­neb­Si, av­to­ma­tu­rad ga­mo­iw­vev­da maT, ro­gorc sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vis ag­en­te­bis ga­mo­aS­ka­ra­ve­bas.

1944 wlis 12 ian­vris sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vis dad­ge­ni­le­biT eb­an­o­iZ­es, fic­xe­la­urs, dur­gliS­vils da ba­ca­caS­vils, wi­nas­wa­ri da­ka­ve­bis va­da Ca­eT­va­laT pa­tim­ro­ba­Si yof­nad, sas­je­lis mox­dad da uk­ve 22 ian­vars, is­i­ni pa­tim­ro­bi­dan gan­Ta­vi­sufl­dnen.[101]

aq­ve ma­sa­leb­Si da­cu­lia, 1944 wlis Te­ber­vliT da­Ta­ri­Re­bu­li, ma­Ti `xel­we­ri­le­bi~: `me qve­moT xe­lis­mom­we­ri (aq we­ria Se­sa­ba­mis gvar-sa­xe­li – T.s.) val­de­bu­li var ar ga­vam­JRav­no sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vis mi­er Cem­Tvis das­mu­li kiT­xve­bi da sa­kiT­xe­bi, as­e­ve Cem­gan ga­ce­mu­li pa­su­xe­bi, ro­de­sac vi­ya­vi da­pa­tim­re­bu­li da vim­yo­fe­bo­di sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vis sam­mar­Tve­lo­Si. me gafr­Txi­le­bu­li var, rom am `xel­we­ri­lis~ dar­Rve­va ga­mo­iw­vevs sam­xed­ro dro­is Se­sa­ba­mi­sad Cems pa­su­xis­ge­bas~.[102]

am­ri­gad, da­sa­xe­le­bu­li pi­re­bi ci­xe­Si yof­nis dros as­ru­leb­dnen sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vis sxva­das­xva da­va­le­bas da ro­gorc Cans, pa­tim­ro­bi­dan gan­Ta­vi­suf­le­bis Sem­de­gac `mu­Sa­ob­dnen~ ger­ma­nu­li ar­mi­is ri­geb­Si myo­fi Ta­na­me­ma­mu­le­eb­is ga­mo­maS­ka­ra­veb­le­bad, anu e.w. `am­om­cnob ag­en­te­bad~. sa­ub­ar­ia im ad­am­i­an­eb­ze, vinc ger­ma­nul ar­mi­a­Si msa­xu­rob­dnen da sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si dab­ru­ne­bu­le­bi maT­ze ar­se­bu­li `ma­kom­pro­mi­ti­re­be­li~ ma­sa­le­bis `moS­ve­li­eb­iT~ Se­saZ­lo da­pa­tim­re­bis Si­SiT, an­da uk­ve da­pa­tim­re­bis Sem­deg gar­kve­u­li Se­Ra­va­Te­bis, ro­gor­caa va­da­ze ad­re gan­Ta­vi­suf­le­ba, sas­je­lis zo­mis Sem­ci­re­ba, sa­nac­vlod aq­ci­es ger­ma­nu­li ar­mi­is ri­geb­Si mebr­Zo­li, ma­Ti yo­fi­li Ta­na­mebr­Zo­le­bis aR­mo­sa­Ce­nad da ga­mo­sa­aS­ka­ra­veb­lad. am­a­ze pir­da­pir met­yve­lebs 1945 wels fic­xe­la­ur­is xe­lax­la ga­sa­mar­Tle­bis ma­sa­le­bis Si­na­ar­si.

sa­ar­qi­vo do­ku­men­te­bis mi­xed­viT, fic­xe­la­u­ri, 1945 wlis ian­var­Si xe­lax­la da­ap­at­im­res. ker­Zod, sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vis ga­mom­Zi­eb­lis 1945 wlis 25 ian­vriT da­Ta­ri­Re­bul dad­ge­ni­le­ba­Si vkiT­xu­lobT – `gan­xi­lul iq­na ra fic­xe­la­ur­is saq­me, ro­me­lic ga­sa­mar­Tlda 1943 wels, ro­gorc ger­ma­ni­is daz­ver­vis ag­en­ti, ro­me­lic `gad­mos­ro­lil~ iq­na sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si 1942 wels, vpo­ve: fic­xe­la­u­ri sa­qar­Tve­los te­ri­to­ri­a­ze da­ap­at­im­res da sas­je­lis mox­dis Sem­deg ga­mo­ye­ne­bu­li iq­na sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vis fa­ru­li sa­mu­Sa­os­Tvis spec-da­va­le­be­bis Se­sas­ru­leb­lad, mag­ram sa­mu­Sa­o­ze ver ga­am­ar­Tla~.[103]

Tu ra­Si ga­mo­ix­at­eb­o­da fic­xe­la­ur­is `ver ga­mar­Tle­ba~, ir­kve­va sxva ma­sa­le­bi­dan. erT-erT do­ku­men­tSi we­ria: `fic­xe­la­ur­ma ga­Sif­ra Ta­vi­si Ta­vi, ro­gorc sab­Wo­Ta kon­trdaz­ver­vis ag­en­tma uc­xo pi­reb­Tan. am­as­Tan er­Tad, 1945 wlis 19 ian­vars sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vis Ta­nam­Srom­leb­Tan da mo­sam­sa­xu­re­eb­Tan ga­moT­qvam­da an­ti­sab­Wo­Ta mo­saz­re­bebs da aq­eb­da hit­lers~ (ix. dok. #3).[104]

di­ax, arc me­ti da arc nak­le­bi, jer ki­dev sim­fe­ro­pol­Si Wi­ra­qa­Zis jgu­fis `Sin­sax­kom­Si~ ga­moc­xa­de­bis in­ic­i­at­o­ri da Ta­vi­si ne­biT ga­moc­xa­de­bu­li fic­xe­la­u­ri, ra­Ra­ca mi­ze­ze­bis ga­mo, om­is da­sas­ruls iw­yebs hit­le­ris qe­bas. is­mis kiT­xva – ra­tom?

pa­su­xi Sem­deg­Si un­da ve­Zi­oT: ro­gorc xel­me­or­ed da­pa­tim­re­bu­li fic­xe­la­ur­is Se­sa­xeb ga­mom­Zi­eb­e­li wers, `vmo­na­wi­le­ob­di ra fic­xe­la­ur­is da­kiT­xva­Si, bral­de­bul­ma Ta­vis scno dam­na­Sa­ved im­a­Si, rom iyo sa­id­um­lo Ta­nam­Sro­me­li da ga­Sif­ra Ta­vi­si Ta­vi, as­e­ve mTvral mdgo­ma­re­ob­a­Si myo­fi ga­moT­qvam­da mu­qa­ras sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vis xel­mZRva­ne­lo­bis mi­sa­mar­TiT~.[105]

ro­gorc ir­kve­va, mu­qa­ris Sem­cvel sit­yvebs da Se­ur­awm­yo­fel ga­mo­naT­qva­mebs fic­xe­la­u­ri, arc me­ti da arc nak­le­bi, Tbi­li­sis erT-erT cen­tra­lur ub­an­Si, im dros ple­xa­no­vis, am­Ja­mad da­viT aR­ma­Se­ne­be­lis gam­zir­ze mde­ba­re sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vis Se­no­ba­Si ga­moT­qvam­da.[106]

sa­va­ra­ud­od, mi­si as­e­Ti saq­ci­e­li Ta­vi­si `ag­en­tu­ru­li mo­va­le­ob­is~ mi­marT ga­mow­ve­u­li pro­tes­ti iyo. ma­sa­leb­Si ar­se­bul do­ku­men­teb­Si fic­xe­la­ur­is `ag­en­tu­ru­li mo­va­le­o­ba~ da­kon­kre­te­bu­lia, pir­da­pir we­ria, rom igi iyo e.w. `am­om­cno­bi ag­en­ti~, anu im dros sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vis mi­er ga­mo­ye­ne­bu­li sa­id­um­lo ag­en­tu­ris erT-er­Ti ka­te­go­ri­is ag­en­ti.[107]

sa­in­te­re­so da am ga­da­sa­xe­di­dan TiT­qos­da ir­on­i­ul­ia, ma­sa­leb­Si ar­se­bu­li Sem­de­gi in­for­ma­cia: `fic­xe­la­u­ri 1944 wlis mar­tSi sas­je­lis mox­dis Sem­deg, Ta­vi­si ne­biT ga­moc­xad­da sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vis sam­mar­Tve­lo­Si da ga­moT­qva sur­vi­li dax­ma­re­bo­da sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vas mis­Tvis cno­bi­li mtris ag­en­te­bis ga­mo­sa­aS­ka­ra­veb­lad~.[108]

ir­on­i­u­li im­it­om, TiT­qos me­mo­ran­dum­Si aR­niS­nu­li ar iyo, rom pi­ris sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vis ag­en­tad gax­do­mis dad­ge­ni­le­ba-me­mo­ran­du­mi Za­la­Si Se­di­o­da sa­sa­mar­Tlos ga­na­Cen­Tan er­Tad. anu, sas­je­lis mox­dis Sem­deg mi­si ne­ba­yo­fi­lo­biT ga­moc­xa­de­ba, rom ag­en­ti gam­xda­ri­yo ar­is tyu­i­li in­for­ma­cia. Tum­ca, vis­Tvis sWir­de­bo­daT am sa­xis Ca­na­we­ris ga­ke­Te­ba ga­ug­eb­ar­ia. saq­me im­aS­ia, rom es do­ku­men­te­bi Se­di­o­da sru­li­ad sa­id­um­lo ma­sa­le­bis ka­te­go­ri­a­Si da TviT sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vis Ta­nam­Srom­lebs `gar­da­uv­a­li sa­Wi­ro­eb­is~ ga­re­Se, ma­Ti nax­vis uf­le­ba im dros ar hqon­daT.

fic­xe­la­u­ri sxva­das­xva mow­mis Cve­ne­be­bis sa­fuZ­vel­ze, maT So­ris mi­si me­uR­lis, vis­Ta­nac uT­qvams, rom iyo sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vis ag­en­ti, as­e­ve sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vis im Ta­nam­Srom­le­bis, vinc sam­xed­ro kon­trdaz­ver­vis sam­mar­Tve­los Se­no­ba­Si Se­es­wrnen mis `ga­mox­do­mas~, ga­as­am­ar­Tles da ro­gorc yo­fil `sa­id­um­lo(fa­rul) Ta­nam­Sro­mels~ xu­Ti we­li ci­xe mi­us­aj­es.[109]

sa­ar­qi­vo do­ku­men­teb­Si ze­mo­aR­niS­nu­li jgu­fis wev­re­bis, dur­gliS­vi­lis da ba­ca­caS­vi­lis, Se­sa­xeb sxva sa­in­te­re­so in­for­ma­cia ar gvxvde­ba. sa­ma­gi­er­od, ra­mo­de­ni­me­jer ix­se­ni­e­ba da aR­niS­nul pe­ri­od­Tan Se­da­re­biT gvi­an­del ma­sa­leb­Si eb­an­o­i­Ze.

es­en­ia 1985 wliT da­Ta­ri­Re­bu­li do­ku­men­te­bi. saq­me ex­e­ba eb­an­o­iZ­is da im­dro­in­de­li sa­qar­Tve­los so­ci­al­is­tu­ri res­pub­li­kis sa­xel­mwi­fo uS­iS­ro­eb­is ko­mi­te­tis (su­ki) ma­Ra­li da sa­Su­a­lo ran­gis Ta­nam­Srom­le­bis `mi­mo­we­ras~.

1985 wliT da­Ta­ri­Re­bul pir­vel we­ril­Si, sa­qar­Tve­los so­ci­al­is­tu­ri res­pub­li­kis sa­xel­mwi­fo uS­iS­ro­eb­is ko­mi­te­tis uf­ro­sis in­a­ur­is sa­xel­ze, eb­an­o­i­Ze wers, rom igi `im di­ver­san­tu­li jgu­fis war­mo­mad­ge­ne­lia, vinc Ca­mo­viy­va­neT da Tqvens or­ga­nos Ca­va­ba­reT em­ig­ran­ti Wi­ra­qa­Ze~.[110]

mi­si sit­yve­biT, `vi­ya­vi Tqvens gan­kar­gu­le­ba­Si er­Ti we­li­wad­na­xe­va­ri, sa­dac vRe­bu­lob­di da­va­le­bebs, xSi­rad vi­ya­vi ka­me­reb­Si, sa­dac iq myo­febs xan­da­xan ar aZ­lev­dnen saW­mels. ro­gorc Tqven­Tvis cno­bi­lia me un­da Sev­gu­eb­o­di am­as da ar vRe­bu­lob­di im­as, rac nor­miT me­kuT­vno­da~.[111]

me­o­re we­ril­Si eb­an­o­i­Ze wers `gav­Ta­vi­sufl­di 1944 wels, ro­gorc av­adm­yof­fi. uS­iS­ro­eb­a­Si mi­miy­va­nes sa­fa­rov­Tan, max­sovs iq iy­vnen qu­ci­a­va, do­la­be­giS­vi­li, koW­la­vaS­vi­li da sxve­bi. jan­mrTe­lo­ba mi­sur­ves da wa­ve­di Cems oj­ax­Si~.[112]

ma­sa­le­bis an­al­iz­id­an Cans, rom igi, ara ro­gorc `sam­Sob­los mo­Ra­la­te~, ar­am­ed sab­Wo­Ta xe­li­suf­le­bis­Tvis sav­se­biT lo­i­al­u­ri da mi­sa­Re­bi pi­rov­ne­bis ran­gSi mo­ev­li­na mSob­li­ur ra­i­ons da so­fels, `dav­brun­di Cems ra­i­on­Si is­to­ri­is mas­wav­leb­lad da om­id­an da­bur­ne­bis Sem­deg, vas­ru­leb­di uS­iS­ro­eb­is mu­Sak­Ta yve­la da­va­le­bas~ (ix. dok. #4).[113]

anu, eb­an­o­iZ­em ga­agr­Ze­la Ta­vi­si `sa­id­um­lo Ta­nam­Srom­lis~, ag­en­tis saq­mi­an­o­ba, oR­ond uk­ve ara `am­om­cno­bi ag­en­tis~, ar­am­ed sxva ka­te­go­ri­is `ag­ent-in­for­ma­to­ris~ ran­gSi.

eb­an­o­iZ­es 1985 wels da­we­ril we­ri­leb­Si, Ta­vi­si Tav­ze ra­mo­de­ni­me ad­gi­las ga­moT­qmu­li aqvs, ro­gorc Wi­ra­qa­Zis xe­li­suf­le­bis­Tvis Cam­ba­reb­lis qe­ba. ra­tom iq­eb­da Tavs da ra­tom wer­da we­ri­lebs sa­qar­Tve­los so­ci­al­is­tu­ri res­pub­li­kis sa­xel­mwi­fo uS­iS­ro­eb­is ko­mi­te­tis xel­mZRva­nel in­a­urs eb­an­o­i­Ze?

we­ri­le­bi­dan ir­kve­va, rom mas sur­da mi­e­Ro sa­pen­sio da­na­ma­ti 20 ma­ne­Ti!? da sa­qar­Tve­los so­ci­al­is­tu­ri res­pub­li­kis sa­xel­mwi­fo uS­iS­ro­eb­is ko­mi­tet­Si we­ri­lebs, swo­red am mo­ti­viT ag­zav­ni­da. saq­me im­aS­ia, rom Se­sa­ba­mis `av­adm­yo­fo­bis fur­cel­Si~, sa­dac aR­niS­nu­li un­da yo­fi­li­yo, rom man mi­i­Ro Wri­lo­ba, an da­av­ad­da om­Si yof­nis pe­ri­od­Si, es in­for­ma­cia ar Ca­uw­er­es.

igi iT­xov­da, 1943-1944 wleb­Si, mi­si sa­pa­tim­ro­Si yof­nis dros ga­da­ta­ni­li av­adm­yo­fo­ba da ci­xe­Si yof­ni­sas ga­ke­Te­bu­li ye­lis op­er­ac­ia, `sa­ma­mu­lo om­Si~ mo­na­wi­le­ob­is­as mom­xda­rad Ca­ew­er­aT. eb­an­o­iZ­es mxo­lod pen­si­is da­na­ma­tis, 20 ma­ne­Tis, moT­xov­na­ze ki ar uT­xres ua­ri, ar­am­ed ga­nuc­xa­des, rom Se­saZ­le­be­lia `ga­uq­me­bo­da~ sa­ma­mu­lo om­Si mo­na­wi­lis sta­tu­sic. eb­an­o­i­Ze am­it­om­ac wer­da in­a­urs - `71 wlis mo­xu­cis­Tvis pen­si­a­ze 20 ma­ne­Tis mo­ma­te­ba, ro­gorc me var dids niS­navs. me­or­ec – ras it­yvis xal­xi~. sxva we­ril­Si ki aR­niS­nav­da, `mi­si de­san­tad Ca­mos­vlis saq­me in­ax­e­ba maT or­ga­no­Si da rom 20 ma­ne­Ti da­na­ma­ti nam­dvi­lad ek­uT­vno­da~.[114]

we­ri­le­bis Si­na­ar­si­dan is­ic ir­kve­va, rom eb­an­o­iZ­es am sa­kiTx­ze, jer im ra­i­on­is uS­iS­ro­eb­is or­ga­nos xel­mZRa­ne­le­bis­Tvis mi­um­ar­Tavs vis da­va­le­beb­sac `pir­na­Ta­lad as­ru­leb­da~, mag­ram maT ar­af­e­ri `ga­uk­eT­eb­i­aT~.[115]

mi­si Txov­na uy­ur­ad­Re­bod da­to­ves sa­qar­Tve­los sa­xel­mwi­fo uS­iS­ro­eb­is ko­mi­te­tis xel­mZRva­ne­leb­mac. eb­an­o­iZ­is we­ri­le­bis pa­su­xad, sa­qar­Tve­los sa­xel­mwi­fo uS­iS­ro­eb­is ko­mi­te­tis mi­er, Se­sa­ba­mi­si ra­i­on­is uS­iS­ro­eb­is uf­ros­Tan gag­zav­nil, ru­sul en­a­ze da­we­ril we­ril­Si pir­da­pi­raa ua­ri naT­qva­mi eb­an­o­iZ­is Txov­nis dak­ma­yo­fi­le­ba­ze. mas­Si vkiT­xu­lobT - `eb­an­o­iZ­em di­ver­san­te­bis jguf­Tan er­Tad ne­ba­yo­fi­lobT gas­ca mo­Ra­la­te Wi­ra­qa­Ze~. Tum­ca, aq­ve Se­sa­ba­mi­si ra­i­on­is uS­iS­ro­eb­is uf­ross sTxov­dnen, rom aex­sna eb­an­oZ­is­Tvis `mis da­va­de­bas ar hqon­da kav­Si­ri om­Tan da rom 20 ma­ne­Tis da­na­ma­ti pen­si­a­ze ar ek­uT­vno­da~.[116]

ai as­e­Ti uar­iT ga­is­tum­res `xan­daz­mu­lo­bam­de uS­iS­ro­eb­is mu­Sak­Ta yve­la da­va­le­bis~ Sem­sru­le­be­li, xe­li­suf­le­bis `er­Tgu­li~ eb­an­o­i­Ze sa­xel­mwi­fo uS­iS­ro­eb­is ko­mi­te­ti­dan. ze­mo­nax­se­neb ru­sul en­a­ze da­we­ril do­ku­men­tze ga­ke­Te­bu­lia Sem­de­gi re­zo­lu­cia ru­sul en­a­ze: `1985 wlis 24 oq­tom­bers eb­an­o­iZ­es ga­ac­nes pa­su­xi, ri­Tac igi uk­ma­yo­fi­lo dar­Ca da ga­nac­xa­da, rom da­wer­da gan­cxa­de­bas ssrks-s sa­xel­mwi­fo uS­iS­ro­eb­is ko­mi­te­tis xel­mZRva­ne­lis da um­aR­le­si sab­Wos pre­zi­di­um­is sa­xel­ze~.[117]

Tu, ra mox­da Sem­dgom do­ku­men­te­bi­dan ar Cans, mag­ram vfiq­rob sak­ma­ri­sia im­is­aT­vis, rom Seg­veq­mnas war­mod­ge­na kvle­va­Si mox­se­ni­eb­ul yo­fil sab­Wo­Ta tyve­eb­ze.

rac Se­ex­e­ba `em­ig­rant Wi­ra­qa­Zes~ aR­vniS­nav, rom ze­mo­aR­niS­nul sa­ar­qi­vo saq­me­Si, ar mo­ip­ov­e­ba ma­sa­la gi­or­gi Wi­ra­qa­Zis dax­vre­tis Se­sa­xeb. Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, ga­ur­kve­ve­li iyo, sa­sa­mar­Tlos mi­er ro­dis iq­na ga­mo­ta­ni­li mas­ze sa­sikv­di­lo ga­na­Ce­ni, ga­na­Ce­nis `aR­sru­le­bis~ zus­ti Ta­ri­Ri da sxva de­ta­le­bi. Tu ra­tom da­vin­te­res­di am sa­kiT­xiT, es kvle­vis da­saw­yis­Si­ve aR­vniS­ne – min­do­da ga­mor­kve­va, ram­de­nad Se­es­ab­am­eb­o­da Te­la­ve­le­bis mex­si­er­eb­a­Si Se­mor­Ce­ni­li ze­pi­ri is­to­ria re­al­ob­as.

Wi­ra­qa­Zis dax­vre­tis Se­sa­xeb, of­ic­i­al­u­ri in­for­ma­cia Tav­da­pir­ve­lad erT-erT in­ter­net-sa­it­ze mo­vi­Zie, sa­dac gan­Tav­se­bu­lia ssrk-s sa­xel­mwi­fo uS­iS­ro­eb­is or­ga­no­eb­is saq­mi­an­ob­is Se­sa­xeb sxva­das­xva ma­sa­la.[118]

sa­va­ra­ud­od, ssrk-s ro­me­li­Rac uS­iS­ro­eb­is or­ga­nos ar­qiv­Si da­cul do­ku­men­teb­ze dayr­dno­biT, er­Tgan, sa­dac sa­ub­ar­ia maT me­o­re msof­lio om­is pe­ri­od­ze mi­Ti­Te­bu­lia, rom `1942 wlis 27 seq­tem­bers Te­la­vis ra­i­on­Si da­ap­at­im­res ger­ma­ne­li pa­ra­Su­tis­ti, qar­Tve­li men­Se­vi­ki Wi­ra­qa­Ze, ro­me­lic ga­dag­zav­ni­li iyo da­va­le­biT, da­em­ya­re­bi­na kav­Si­ri sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si an­ti­sab­Wo­Ta par­ti­eb­is yo­fil wev­reb­Tan. ma­Ti dax­ma­re­biT mo­ex­di­na Se­i­ar­aR­eb­u­li aj­an­ye­ba da Ca­ed­i­na di­ver­si­u­li aq­te­bi. as­e­ve, Se­eg­ro­ve­bi­na sam­xed­ro-sa­daz­ver­vo in­for­ma­cia da ga­da­e­ca ra­di­og­ad­am­ce­miT mtris­Tvis. 1943 wlis 13 marts, ssrk-s `Sin­sax­kom­Tan~ ar­se­bu­li gan­sa­kuT­re­bu­li TaT­bi­ris mi­er Wi­ra­qa­Ze ga­sa­mar­Tle­bul iq­na da mi­es­a­ja sas­je­lis um­aR­le­si zo­ma dax­vre­ta~.[119]

rac Se­ex­e­ba kon­kre­tul Ta­riRs, Tu ro­dis dax­vri­tes gi­or­gi Wi­ra­qa­Ze, es in­for­ma­cia mo­vi­Zie vax­tan­ga­Zis Se­sa­xeb ar­se­bul saq­me­Si. vax­tan­ga­Ze ix­se­ni­e­ba ze­mo­moy­va­nil ma­sa­la­Si, Wi­ra­qa­Zis erT-er­Ti da­kiT­xvis oqm­Si. Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, mis Se­sa­xeb da­ma­te­bi­Ti in­for­ma­ci­is mok­vle­vi­sas, ar­qiv­Si aR­moCn­da saq­me, sa­dac Ta­vis mxriv Wi­ra­qa­Ze­zec ar­is sa­ub­a­ri. am do­ku­men­te­bis Seq­mnis Ta­ri­Ri 1962 we­lia.[120]

maT­Si aR­niS­nu­lia, rom 1930-ian wleb­Si vax­tan­ga­Ze iyo `TeTr-em­ig­ran­tu­li so­ci­al-de­mo­ka­te­bis sa­qar­Tve­los or­ga­ni­za­ci­is wev­ri~ da ic­nob­da im dros em­ig­ra­ci­a­Si myof Ta­na­par­ti­el­ebs, maT So­ris gi­or­gi Wi­ra­qa­Zes.

aq­ve Wi­ra­qa­Zis mok­le bi­og­ra­fi­u­li cno­be­bia moy­va­ni­li, rom­le­bic, ro­gorc am da sxva ma­sa­le­bis an­al­iz­id­an Cans, ze­mo­moy­va­ni­li sa­ar­qi­vo saq­mi­dan ar­is am­oR­eb­u­li Wi­ra­qa­Zis Ste­ti­nis sa­daz­ver­vo sko­la­Si swav­la, mis mi­er sim­fe­ro­pol­Si jgu­fis Sed­ge­na sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si gad­mo­sas­ro­lad da sxv. aR­niS­nu­lia, rom `Wi­ra­qa­Zis jgu­fis wev­re­bi ger­ma­ne­le­bis da­va­le­bis Ses­ru­le­ba­ze ar fiq­rob­dnen da 1942 wlis 27 seq­tem­bers, igi eb­an­o­iZ­is, fic­xe­la­ur­is, dur­gliS­vi­lis da ba­ca­caS­vi­lis dax­ma­re­biT iq­na da­pa­tim­re­bu­li. ssrk-s `Sin­sax­kom­Tan~ ar­se­bu­li gan­sa­kuT­re­bu­li TaT­bi­ris, 1943 wlis 13 mar­tis dad­ge­ni­le­biT Wi­ra­qa­Zes mi­es­a­ja dax­vre­ta. ga­daw­yve­ti­le­ba sis­ru­le­Si iq­na moy­va­ni­li 1943 wlis ma­iss~.[121]

dax­vre­tis `aR­sru­le­bis~ ga­re­mo­eb­eb­is Se­sa­xeb ar­qi­veb­Si iS­vi­aT­ad `il­eq­e­ba~ ma­sa­le­bi. aq Ta­vis rols Ta­ma­Sobs spe­ci­fi­ka, dRe­van­de­li sa­ar­qi­vo ma­sa­la ma­Sin­de­li Za­lis­mi­e­ri stur­qtu­re­bis sam­sa­xu­reb­ri­vi do­ku­men­ta­ci­aa, sa­dac Zi­ri­Ta­dad b`mSra­li~ in­for­ma­ci­eb­ia Se­mo­na­xu­li. Tum­ca, sa­qar­Tve­los Si­na­gan saq­me­Ta sa­mi­nis­tros ar­qiv­Si es ma­sa­le­bi aR­moCn­da. aR­niS­nu­li do­ku­men­te­bi gar­kve­ul­wi­lad gvaZ­le­ven sa­Su­al­eb­as aRv­dgi­noT am kon­kre­tu­li Sem­Txve­vis sru­li su­ra­Ti.[122]

pir­vel rig­Si aR­sa­niS­na­via, rom Wi­ra­qa­Zis dax­vre­ta, im­dro­in­de­li ka­no­ne­bis Ta­nax­mad sa­sikv­di­lo ga­na­Ce­nis ga­mo­ta­ni­dan ma­le­ve un­da aR­es­ru­le­bi­naT, mag­ram va­da dro­eb­iT ga­da­uw­ev­i­aT. am­a­ze met­yve­lebs, 1943 wlis 21 ap­ri­liT da­Ta­ri­Re­bu­li sa­id­um­lo we­ri­li, sa­dac aR­niS­nu­lia, rom `ga­mom­di­na­re `op­er­at­i­u­li sa­Wi­ro­eb­eb­id­an~ gTxovT ga­da­doT ga­na­Ce­nis aR­sru­le­ba~.[123]

aq­ve aR­moCn­da sxva do­ku­men­ti, rom­li­da­nac ir­kve­va, Tav­da­pir­ve­lad gi­or­gi Wi­ra­qa­Zis dax­vre­ta ga­daw­yve­ti­li hqo­ni­aT Tbi­lis­Si, `Sin­sax­ko­mis~ Si­na­gan ci­xe­Si.[124]

1943 wlis 11 ma­iss sa­qar­Tve­los ssr-s Si­na­gan saq­me­Ta sa­mi­nis­tros sa­xal­xo ko­mi­sa­ri ra­fa­va ug­zav­nis ug­zav­ni­da, `Sin­sax­ko­mis~ Si­na­ga­ni ci­xis uf­ross ka­pi­tan mu­Ra­laS­vils Sem­deg mi­we­ri­lo­bas: `1943 wlis 13 mar­tis ssrk-s `Sin­sax­kom­Tan~ ar­se­bu­li gan­sa­kuT­re­bu­li TaT­bi­ris ga­daw­yve­ti­le­bis da ssrk-s `Sin­sax­ko­mis~ 1943 wlis mo­we­ri­lo­bis # 8/13237 Ta­nax­mad, ga­va­lebT mo­iy­va­noT ga­na­Ce­ni - um­aR­le­si zo­ma so­ci­al­u­ri dac­vis – dax­vre­ta Sem­deg pir­ze: 1. Wi­ra­qa­Ze gri­go­li sam­so­nis Ze. da­ba­de­bu­li 1909 wels, Tbi­li­sis mcxov­re­bi. em­ig­ran­ti. sa­Su­a­lo ga­naT­le­biT. da­pa­tim­re­bis mo­men­tSi ger­ma­ni­is pa­ra­Su­tist-mzve­ra­ve­bis jgu­fis uf­ro­si. ga­na­Ce­ni sis­ru­le­Si mo­iy­va­neT 1943 wlis 12-13 ma­is­is Ra­miT.~[125] do­ku­men­ti sa­we­ri kal­miT, Tu fan­qriT jva­re­di­nad ar­is ga­da­xa­zu­li.

uk­ve, me­o­re dRes, 1943 wlis 12 ma­iss, ma­iss sa­qar­Tve­los ssr-s Si­na­gan saq­me­Ta sa­mi­nis­tros sa­xal­xo ko­mi­sa­ri ra­fa­va, `Sin­sax­ko­mis~ Si­na­ga­ni ci­xis uf­ross mu­Ra­laS­vils ax­al mi­we­ri­lo­bas ug­zav­nis. am do­ku­men­tSi me­or­de­ba ze­mo­moy­va­nil 1943 wlis 11 ma­is­is mi­we­ri­lo­ba­Si ar­se­bu­li teqs­ti, oR­ond aq uk­ve `Sin­sax­ko­mis~ Si­na­ga­ni ci­xis uf­ross mu­Ra­laS­vils, Te­la­vis `Sin­sax­ko­mis~ uf­ros kva­Sal­Tan er­Tad ev­al­e­ba Wi­ra­qa­Ze­ze ga­na­Ce­nis, `um­aR­le­si zo­ma so­ci­al­u­ri dac­vis – dax­vre­ta~, sis­ru­le­Si sa­xal­xod moy­va­na uS­u­al­od Te­la­vis ra­i­on­Si im ad­gil­ze sa­dac da­ak­av­es ger­ma­ne­li pa­ra­Su­tis­ti. dax­vre­tis win Wi­ra­qa­Zes un­da ga­da­uR­on fo­to­e­bi or eg­zem­pla­rad~.[126]

do­ku­men­tSi as­e­ve vkiT­xu­lobT: `ga­na­Ce­nis aR­sru­le­bis ad­gil­ze, gan­sa­je­li miy­va­nil un­da iq­nas gaZ­li­er­eb­u­li bad­ra­giT, ar Se­at­yo­bi­non far­To mo­sax­le­ob­as. dax­vre­tis dros uz­run­vel­yon mxo­lod TxuT­me­ti-oci ad­am­i­an­is das­wre­ba, vinc mo­na­wi­le­ob­as iR­eb­dnen pa­ra­Su­tis­tis da­ka­ve­ba­Si. dax­vre­tis win aux­snan mSro­me­lebs, rom da­ka­ve­bul ger­ma­nel mzve­rav-pa­ra­Su­tists mis­ji­li aqvs sas­je­lis um­aR­le­si zo­ma – dax­vre­ta, gan­sa­kuT­re­biT ga­es­vas xa­zi, im­as, rom igi gad­mos­ro­lis Sem­deg mo­na­ni­eb­iT, ne­ba­yo­fi­lo­biT ar ga­moc­xad­da sab­Wo­Ta xe­li­suf­le­bas­Tan.

uf­ro­si an sa­Su­a­lo me­Ta­ur­is xel­mZRva­ne­lo­biT ga­mo­iy­os mebr­Zo­le­bis jgu­fi `Sin­sax­ko­mi~-s ja­ri­dan, eqv­si­dan aT ad­am­i­an­am­de – Se­mow­me­bu­li mebr­Zo­li ko­mu­nis­te­biT, kom­kav­Sir­le­biT.

dax­vre­ta gan­xor­ci­el­des SaS­xa­ne­bis zal­piT, brZa­ne­biT – `sam­Sob­los mo­Ra­la­tes cec­xli!~

ga­na­Ce­nis Ses­ru­le­bis Sem­deg gva­mi Se­sa­ba­mis dgil­ze Ca­mar­xeT da aR­sru­le­ba­ze Se­ad­gi­neT aq­tis ori eg­zem­pla­ri `Sin­sax­kom­Si~ war­sad­ge­nad~ (ix. dok. #5).[127]

am­ri­gad, ze­pi­ri gad­mo­ce­me­bis Ta­nax­mad, swo­red es sit­yve­bi wa­ik­iT­xes Te­lav­Si `gi­gos go­ra­ze~ Wi­ra­qa­Zis dax­vre­tis win. vfiq­rob, uk­ve dar­wmu­ne­biT Se­iZ­le­ba iT­qvas, rom sa­pa­su­xod Wi­ra­qa­Zis wa­mo­Za­xi­lic re­al­ob­as Se­es­ab­am­e­ba, rad­gan sxva Sem­Txve­va­Si xal­xis mex­si­er­e­ba mas ar `Se­mo­in­ax­av­da~.

uf­ro me­tic, am ma­sa­leb­Si ar­is sxva do­ku­men­ti, ro­me­lic uk­ve pir­da­pir ak­on­kre­tebs da Se­iZ­le­ba iT­qvas, av­sebs gi­or­gi Wi­ra­qa­Zis dax­vre­tis is­to­ri­as. do­ku­ments xels aw­ers Sem­dgom pe­ri­od­Si is­to­ri­ko­si, im dros ki, sa­qar­Tve­los ssr-s Si­na­gan saq­me­Ta sa­mi­nis­tros kon­trdaz­ver­vis gan­yo­fi­le­bis uf­ro­si al­eq­san­dre koW­la­vaS­vi­li. igi 1943 wlis 11 ma­iss, sa­qar­Tve­los ssr-s Si­na­gan saq­me­Ta sa­mi­nis­tros `Sin­sax­ko­mis~ pir­ve­li gan­yo­fi­le­bis uf­ros mo­ro­zovs swers Sem­degs: `dax­vre­ta ger­ma­ne­li ag­ent-pa­ra­Su­tis­tis, em­ig­ran­ti Wi­ra­qa­Ze g.s.-is mi­zan­Se­wo­ni­lad mi­viC­nev gan­xor­ci­el­des Te­la­vis ra­i­on­Si, ad­gil­ze `gi­gos mTa – go­ra~, na­dikvr­Tan~ (ix. dok. #6).[128] sa­va­ra­ud­od swo­red am mi­we­ri­lo­bam ga­daw­yvi­ta Wi­ra­qa­Zis dax­vre­ta ara ci­xe­Si, ar­am­ed Te­lav­Si ga­ne­xor­ci­el­eb­in­aT.

ro­gorc vna­xeT, am do­ku­men­tSi uk­ve pir­da­pir mi­Ti­Te­bu­lia Wi­ra­qa­Zis dax­vre­tis ad­gi­li. es is iS­vi­a­Ti Sem­Txve­vaa, sa­dac sab­Wo­Ta pe­ri­od­Si dax­vre­tis kon­kre­tu­li ad­gi­lis Se­sa­xeb gvaqvs we­ri­lo­bi­Ti wya­ro Se­mor­Ce­ni­li.

sa­ar­qi­vo ma­sa­leb­ma Se­mo­in­a­xa Wi­ra­qa­Zis dax­vre­tis do­ku­men­tu­ri da­das­tu­re­bac. es ar­is e.w. `dax­vre­tis aq­ti~:

`sav­se­biT sa­id­um­lod,

13 ma­i­si 1943 we­li. q. Te­la­vi.

Cven qve­moT xe­lis­mom­we­reb­ma, `Sin­sax­ko­mi~-s ci­xis uf­ro­si mu­Ra­laS­vi­li, Te­la­vis `Sin­sax­ko­mi~-s uf­ro­si kva­Sa­li, Te­la­vis pro­ku­ro­ris am­xa­na­gi gi­ga­u­ri, Se­vad­gi­neT qvem­de­ba­re aq­ti Sem­deg­ze, rom sa­qar­Tve­los ssr Si­na­gan saq­me­Ta sa­xal­xo ko­mis­ris, me­sa­me ran­gis ko­mi­sar ra­fa­vas 1943 wlis 12 ma­is­is mo­we­ri­lo­bis Ta­nax­mad, ga­na­Ce­ni

ssrk-s `Sin­sax­kom~-Tan ar­se­bu­li gan­sa­kuT­re­bu­li TaT­bi­ris ga­daw­yve­ti­le­bis 1943 wlis 13 mar­tis, um­aR­le­si zo­ma so­ci­al­u­ri dac­vis - dax­vre­ta gan­sas­jel­ze: 1. Wi­ra­qa­Ze gri­go­li sam­so­nis Ze, da­ba­de­bu­li 1909 wels, mcxov­re­bi qa­la­qi Tbi­li­si, em­ig­ran­ti, sa­Su­a­lo ga­naT­le­biT, sis­ru­le­Si iq­na moy­va­ni­li 1943 wlis 13 ma­iss, sa­xal­xod ad­gil­ze `gi­gos mTa~. aq­ti Sed­ge­ni­lia or eg­zem­pla­rad `Sin­sax­ko­mi~-s I spec-gan­yo­fi­le­bis uf­ro­sis­Tvis.

`Sin­sax­ko­mi~-s Si­na­ga­ni ci­xis uf­ro­si, ka­pi­ta­ni mu­Ra­laS­vi­li

Te­la­vis `Sin­sax­ko­mi~-s uf­ro­si kva­Sa­li

Te­la­vis ra­i­on­is pro­ku­ro­ri gi­ga­u­ri~.[129]

am­ri­gad, ro­gorc vna­xeT Te­la­vis mo­sax­le­ob­a­Si Se­mor­Ce­ni­li ze­pi­ri is­to­ria, 1943 wlis 13 ma­iss `gi­gos go­ra­ze~ gi­or­gi Wi­ra­qa­Zis dax­vre­tis ga­re­mo­eb­eb­is Se­sa­xeb Se­iZ­le­ba da­nam­dvi­le­biT iT­qvas, rom si­mar­Tles Se­ef­er­e­ba.

do­ku­men­ti #1 

 

do­ku­men­ti #2

do­ku­men­ti #3

d

o­ku­men­ti #4

 

do­ku­men­ti #5 

do­ku­men­ti #6

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tengiz Simashvili

Professor,

Iakob Gogebashvili Telavi State University, Georgia

 

THE GERMAN LANDING IN KAKHETI: THE GEORGIANS IN THE WORLD WAR II

 

Summary

 

Our research deals with participation of the Georgians in the Second World War. In this article we focus on the Georgians in the special military unit of the German Army.

June 22, 2021 is noteworthy, just as it marks 80 years since the German invasion in the Soviet Union. It is still a matter of debate who were the Georgians fighters on the German side – patriots or traitors? What were the reasons for their struggle in the ranks of the German army? How many Georgians were united in the German army units and many other issues. Also, the cooperation of some Georgians with the special units of the German army has not been studied in details. In our study, we pay attention to one of the special forces of the German army – the so-called naval intelligence body. We are discussing about the activities of the Nachrichtenbeobachter (NBO).

The object of our research is specifically the story of the Georgian paratroopers who were trained in the Nachrichtenbeobachter and landed in Georgia on September 17, 1942 in Kakheti.

The oral tradition of the population of the city of Telavi claims that in Telavi so-called emigrant “Someone Chirakadze” was shot during the Second World War on “Gigo Hill”, the place where in ​​the 1920s people were executed by Soviets.

Describing the scenario of Chirakadze’s shooting, it was noted that he shouted before the execution – “I am not a traitor, history will find out who is a traitor”. This evidence became the starting point for finding the information about this person. It turned out from the archival materials that on May 13, 1943 Giorgi Samson Chirakadze was shot in Telavi. He fled from the USSR in 1930. In early 1942, based on the patriotic views, he decided to join the German army and “take part in the liberation of Georgia from the Communist Regime”. He studied at the Abwehr School in Stettin (Szczecin). In 1942 he became a major in the Wehrmacht naval intelligence.

The analysis of the materials that we found revealed that on September 17, 1942 Giorgi Chirakadze and four former prisoners of war were airlifted to Georgia, near Telavi, on the territory of Gombori Pass. The locals sheltered them, but Giorgi Chirakadze was betrayed to Soviets by his crew the former prisoners of war. He was arrested by Telavi district security.

The materials found during the research to some extent supplement the existing knowledge about the identities of the Georgian soldiers who fought in the ranks of the German Army and they reveal the activities of the German Army special forces in the Caucasus and Georgia.

 

 

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[1] ruseTis imperiis periodSi es adgili Tavad gigo vaxvaxiSvils sakuTreba iyo. Se­sa­ba­misad, `gigos goras~ amitom uwodebdnen.

[2] TelavSi 1924 wlis represiebis da `gigos goraze~ daxvretebis istoriiT dain­te­re­sebis SemTxvevaSi SegiZliaT naxoT Cemi kvleva: T. simaSvili. 1924 wlis sisxliani seq­temberi TelavSi. Tsu saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. t. XVI. Tb. 2020, gv. 198-236.

[3] 2013 wels `sabWoTa warsulis kvlevis laboratoriis~ mklevarma, irakli xva­da­gian­ma, Caiwera am Temaze Telavelebis monayoli zepiri istoriebi, rasac uSualod ves­wrebodi. `gigos gora~, https://vimeo.com/1220469­95?fbclid=IwAR11pdnI1­tnQH35­eB6­Jf­lY­K­Tz-jif8qnaHQ­prliJNp8HQJW­xugj3rzW0UtU

[4] saubaria erT-erT interviuerze, baton kako sesikaSvilze, romelmac aseve moyva, rom 1990-ian wlebSi, man da sxva asakianma Telavelebma, romlebic WiraqaZis daxv­re­tis adgilis maxloblad mdebare fexburTis stadionze dadiodnen savarjiSod, gaix­se­nes es adamiani da mis saflavTan, misi sulis mosagonrad dakles cxvari, Semdeg ki suf­rac gaSales.

[5] `gigos gora~, https://vimeo.com/122046995?fbclid=IwAR11pdnI1tnQH35eB6JflYKTz-jif8qnaHQprliJNp8HQJWxugj3rzW0UtU

 

[6] `gigos gora~, https://vim­eo.com/122046995?fbclid=IwAR11pdnI1tnQH35eB6JflYKTz-jif8q­na­HQ­prliJNp8HQJWxugj3rzW0UtU

[7] `givi Coxelis saxelobis~ fexburTis stadionis mSeneblobam da iq dargulma xeebma saer­Tod Secvala im adgilis Semogareni. Tumca, saflavis mdebareoba am ramodenime wlis win mapovnina, zemonaxseneb Telavelebis monaTxrobis Canaweris erT-erTma res­pon­dentma batonma arsen yveliaSvilma.

[8] “Nakhrikhtenbeobachter” (SemoklebiT – NBO), sazRvao dazvervis organo, Camo­ya­lib­da 1941 wlis bolos – 1942 wlis dasawyisSi berlinSi. Semdeg gagzavnes sim­fe­ro­polSi, ganlagebuli iyo 1943 wlis oqtombramde quCaze `sevastopolskaia~ #6. is iyo vermaxtis umaRles sardlobas daqvemdebarebuli samxedro dazvervis da kon­t­rdaz­vervis organos (abver) sazRvao dazvervis ganyofileba. operatiulad, sazRvao daz­vervis es organo uSualod eqvemdebareboda `abver-sazRvargareTis~ sammarTvelos da mimagrebuli iyo admiral Susteris Stabze, romelic meTaurobda samxreT-aR­mo­sav­le­Tis auzSi ganlagebul germaniis sazRvao Zalebs. qvedanayofs 1943 wlis bolomde mi­niWebuli hqonda savele fostis nomeri 47585, romelic dasturdeba Cveni kvlevis ma­salebiTac (ix. dok.i #1).. `abver~-is sazRvao dazvervis am qvedanayofs, 1942 wlis iv­lisamde meTaurobda iyo sazRvao samsaxuris kapitani bode, xolo 1942 wlis iv­li­si­dan – korvet-kapitani rikghofi. sxva saxis sadazvervo saqmianobasTan erTad, es qve­danayofi agrovebda samxedro tyveebidan moxaliseebs, romlebic gadiodnen spe­cia­lur momzadebas simferopolSi da mis mimdebare teritoriebze arsebul skolebSi, po­ligonebze. Sesabamis swavla-gavlil da momzadebul agentebs 3-4 kacian jgufebad ag­zavnidnen wiTeli armiis zurgSi `samuSaod~. maTi gadasrola xorcieldeboda TviTmf­rinavebis, saxmeleTo gzis, an zRvaze katerebis meSveobiT. rogorc wesi, gadas­ro­lil  jgufebSi erT-erTi iyo radisti, romelsac Tan hqonda portatuli ra­dio­gadam­cemi. agentebTan urTierTobas amyarebdnen qerCis, simferopolisa da anapas ra­dio­sadgurebis saSualebiT. kvlevis procesSi aRmoCnda, rom germanuli armiis sazR­vao dazvervis organos, e.w. “Nachrichtenbeobachter”-s saqarTveloSi ramdenime jgufi `ga­da­ugzavnia~, Tumca maT Semadgenlobas da saqmianobas aq ar Sevexebi. mxolod aRv­niS­nav, rom Cems mier moZiebuli masalebi sakmaod sainteresoa da saWiroebs da­matebiTi kvlevebis Catarebas.

[9] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomebi 1-5.

[10] sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo kvlevaSi am saqmis uSualo figurantebis mxolod gvars vwer. maT Soris, imitom rom, Cemi azriT, aravin icis im dros da im situaciaSi, vin ro­gor moiqceoda, radgan es iyo Zalian rTuli da sastiki epoqa; da meore, amJamad mim­dinareobs aRniSnuli periodis Seswaavla-gadafasebis procesi da SesaZlebelia kvle­­vaSi moxseniebuli pirebis STamomavlebi ar arian Tanaxma Secvalon warmodgena Tavisi winaprebis saqmianobaze. amitom,  visac SedarebiT sruli informaciis miReba surT kvlevaSi naxseneb adamianebze, SeuZliaT mimarTon Sesabamis saarqivo da­wese­bulebas.

[11] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 8.

[12] gamanadgurebeli batalionebi iyo, meore msoflio omis periodSi Seqmnili sabWoTa mo­qalaqeebis gasamxedroebuli moxalise formirebebi. ZiriTadad kompleqtdeboda par­tiu­li, sabWoTa da profkavSiris aqtivistebisagan, romlebic SeiaraRebul ZalebSi gaw­vevas ar eqvemdebarebodnen. batalionis wevrebs hqondaT iaraRis tarebis ufleba. evalebodaT wiTeli armiis zurgSi diversantebTan, jaSuSebTan, dezertirebTan, ban­di­teb­Tan, spekulantebTan brZola, saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dacva. gama­nad­gurebeli batalionebis ufrosebad iniSnebodnen sxvadasxva sabWoTa dawesebulebis, Zi­riTadad `Sinsaxkomis~ xelmZRvanelebi. isini eqvemdebarebodnen Sesabamisi res­publikis `Sinsaxkomis~ specialur Stabebs.)

[13] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 8.

[14] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 9.

[15] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 20.

[16] aSroSanis tye, es is adgilia, romelsac kaxeTSi, Soreul 1920-ian wlebSi, qaquca Co­loyaSvili da misi `Seficulebi~ afarebdnen Tavs.

[17] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 20-41.

[18] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 71-111.

[19] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 72, 74.

[20] qalaqi xoni.

[21] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 72.

[22] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 73.

[23] politikuri xelmZRvaneli, SemoklebiT `politxeli~ ssrk-is SeiaraRebuli Za­le­bis samxedro-politikuri Tanamdeboba. igi uflebamosili iyo ganexorcielebina po­li­ti­kuri kontroli qvedanayofebis meTaurebis moqmedebebze, eweoda `politikur ga­naT­le­bas~ da `akvirdeboda~ Sesabamisi qvedanayofebis Semadgenlobis moralur `mxares~. faq­tobrivad anxorcielebda `politikur~ kontrols jariskacebze da oficrebze.

[24] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 75.

[25] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 28.

[26] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 28.

[27] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 76.

[28] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 75.

[29] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 29.

[30] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 28-29.

[31] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 130.

[32] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 197.

[33] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 5, gv. 148-155.

[34] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 252.

[35] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi, fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 268.

[36] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi, fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 268.

[37] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi, fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 269.

[38] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi, fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 269.

[39] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi, fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 384.

[40] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi, fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 385.

[41] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 286. 

[42] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 77.

[43] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 79.

[44] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 80.

[45] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 81.

[46] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 69.

[47] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 75.

[48] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 197.

[49] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 87.

[50] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 268.

[51] damatebiTi masalebi maTze ar momiZiebia. am saxelebis da gvarebis mqone pirebis saf­lavebi aris levilis e.w. `qarTvelebis sasaflaoze~.

[52] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 450.

[53] sxvebTan erTad igi asaxelebs Zmeb Salva da tite beriSvilebs. 1930 wlis zaf­xul­Si Salva beriSvili namdvilad imyofeboda saqarTveloSi da TurqeTSi.

[54] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 453.

[55] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 455.

[56] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 456.

[57] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 456.

[58] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 456) (Ste­ti­ni – Tanamedrove polonuri qalaqi – SCecini, Secini. Sedioda prusiis Semad­gen­lo­ba­Si. 1945 wlamde iyo germaniis porti baltiis zRvaze. aq 1940 wlis dekemberSi, sam­xedro dazvervis da kontrdazvervis organos (`abver~) sazRvao dazvervis gan­yo­fi­le­bam Camoayaliba sadazvervo skola. masSi iwvrTnebodnen mzveravi-diversantebi da ra­distebi. skolaSi Caricxvis Semdeg agentebs aZlevdnen metsaxelebs, yalb pas­por­tebs. swavlis vada iyo eqvsi Tve.

[59] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 457.

[60] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 458.

[61] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 76.

[62] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 67.

[63] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 514.

[64] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 514.

[65] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 515.

[66] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 516.

[67] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 236.

[68] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 343.

[69] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 238.

[70] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 240.

[71] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 24.

[72] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 30.

[73] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 40.

[74] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 40.

[75] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 77.

[76] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 77.

[77] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 464.

[78] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 85.

[79] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 27.

[80] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 179.

[81] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 30.

[82] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 30.

[83] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 90.

[84] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 30.

[85] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 222.

[86] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 224.

[87] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 224.

[88] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 142.

[89] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 87, 228.

[90] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 229.

[91] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 30.

[92] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 100-101.

[93] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 227.

[94] sabWoTa kavSiris Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatis samxedro kontrdazvervis mTa­vari sammarTvelo, Seiqmna 1943 wlis aprilSi.

[95] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 518.

[96] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1245.

[97] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 5, gv. 121.

[98] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 5, gv. 121.

[99] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 5, gv. 122.

[100] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 5, gv. 122.

[101] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 1, gv. 532.

[102] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 5, gv. 36, 38, 120.

[103] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 2, gv. 1.

[104] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 2, gv. 4.

[105] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 2, gv. 13.

[106] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 2, gv. 9, 13.

[107] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 2, gv. 9, 13.

[108] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 2, gv. 9.

[109] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 2, gv. 9-11.

[110] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 2, gv. 27.

[111] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 2, gv. 27.

[112] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 2, gv. 37.

[113] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 42/1265. tomi 2, gv. 37.

[114] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6/1265. saqme 42. tomi 2, gv. 34.

[115] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6, saqme 42/1265. tomi 2, gv. 37.

[116] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6, saqme 42/1265. tomi 2, gv. 47.

[117] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6, saqme 42/1265. tomi 2, gv. 48.

[118] Статьи и публикации. «Органы государственной безопасности СССР в годы Великой отечес­твенной войне». Том 3. Книга вторая (01.07.1942 - 31.12.1942), http://mo­zo­hin.r­u/­ar­tic­le­/a-141.html

[119] Статьи и публикации. «Органы государственной безопасности СССР в годы Великой отечественной войне». Том 3. Книга вторая (01.07.1942 - 31.12.1942), http://mozohin.ru­/article/a-141.html

[120] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 45303.

[121] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 6. saqme 45303, gv. 29.

[122] didi madloba Sss-s arqivis TanamSromlebs aRniSnuli dokumentebis moZiebaSi ga­weuli daxmarebisTvis.

[123] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 12. saqme 040, gv. 27.

[124] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 12. saqme 040, gv. 29.

[125] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 12. saqme 040, gv. 29.

[126] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 12. saqme 040, gv. 24.

[127] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 12. saqme 040, gv. 20.

[128] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 12. saqme 040, gv. 25.

[129] Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivi. fondi 12. saqme 040, gv. 26.